1. Section 4 – pg 520 Using Space Science on Earth
Chapter 13
Section 4 – pg 520
Using Space Science on Earth

2. The Challenges of Space
Pg 521
The Challenges of Space
Conditions in space that differ from those on Earth include near vacuum, extreme temperatures, and microgravity

3. Vacuum Vacuum: a place that is empty of all matter Pg 521
Except for a few stray atoms and molecules, most of space is empty
Spacecrafts must be airtight
The lack of atoms causes extreme temperatures from the sun
Spacecrafts must also be well insulated

4. Microgravity Pg 521 Microgravity: feeling of weightlessness
Technically, astronauts in orbit around the Earth still have Earth’s gravity working on them, but since they are falling at the same rate as the spacecraft they are in, they feel weightless
Due to the microgravity,
they must have special
tools and devices to help
them with regular tasks

6. Pg 522
Space Spinoffs
Space spinoff: an item that has uses on Earth but was originally developed for use in space
The space program has developed thousands of products that affect many aspects of modern society, including consumer products, new materials, medical devices, and communications satellites

7. Pg 522
Consumer Products
Bar codes were originally developed by NASA to keep accurate inventory of their parts
Cordless power tools were developed to be used for astronauts because in space there is no where to plug in for power
Other products: scratch-resistant lenses, freeze-dried foods, shock absorbing helmets, and smoke detectors

8. New Materials
Pg 523
Flexible metal eyeglass frames are made from metals that “remember” their former shapes when bent
Tennis rackets used the same material as some space craft components because it is strong yet light weight
Athletic shoes contain the same shock-absorbing material developed for moon boots
Fire resistant material developed for spacesuits are now being used for fireproof clothing and firefighters uniforms

9. Medical Devices Pg 523 Lasers are used to clean clogged arteries
Pace-makers use longer-life batteries originally developed for space power systems
Computer-aided imaging techniques were developed for use on the moon

10. Pg 524
Satellites
Satellites are used for communications and for collecting weather data and other scientific data
Observation satellites track weather systems, map Earth’s surface, and observe changes in the environment
Remote sensing: the collection of information about Earth and other objects in space without being in direct contact
Geostationary orbit: a satellite orbits Earth above the equator at the same rate as Earth rotates and stays over the same place on Earth all the time

11. Chapter 13 Section 4 Homework - Pg 524

12. 1A. Name three ways that conditions in space are different from conditions on Earth

13. 1B. How have engineers designed spacecrafts to operate in the special conditions of space?

14. 2A. What is a space spinoff?

15. 2B. How has medical science benefited from the space program?

16. 2C. Choose one space spinoff and compare how it is used in space and on Earth

17. 3A. Name three uses of satellites that affect everyday life

18. 3B. What advantage would there be to placing a satellite in geostationary orbit?

19. 3C. How could a scientist use satellites to determine whether a rain forest was becoming smaller over time?