1. ECHINODERMS
Spiny
skin

2. What is an echinoderm?
Echinoderms move by means of hundreds of ____________, suction-cup-tipped appendages and have skin covered with tiny, jawlike pincers.
Echinoderms are found in all the oceans of the world.

3. Echinoderms have endoskeletons
SKIN: all have a hard, spiny, or bumpy _____skeleton (NEW but related to (?) the pen in advanced mollusks?) covered by a thin epidermis.
Endoskeleton of all echinoderms is made primarily of _________________, the compound that makes up limestone.
Why are echinoderms after
Mollusks in our
phylogenic paper?
Why CaCO3?
CO2 is easy…
Ca…

4. Echinoderms have endoskeletons
The endoskeleton often protrudes to the outside of the body creating _________________. These are modified into…
Jawlike pinchers used for… 1. 2. 3.
Pedicellariae

5. Echinoderms have radial symmetry
Radial symmetry is an advantage to animals that are ___________________________ (so... A step back or just maintaining a beneficial trait?)
Radial symmetry enables these animals to sense potential food, predators, and other aspects of their environment from all directions.

6. The water vascular system
The _________________________is a hydraulic system that operates under water pressure.
Water enters and leaves the water vascular system of a sea star through the ________________, a sievelike, disk-shaped opening on the upper surface of the echinoderm’s body.
Hmmm…
Madrepora are a class of stony CORAL. If you remember… CORAL is an animal in the cnidarian phylum. Remember… Coral produces an “exoskeleton” made of calcium carbonate.

7. The water vascular system
The underside of a sea star has _________ ___________ that run along a groove on the underside of each ray (L________ C______) which is connected to
the R____ C______
and S____ C______

8. The water vascular system
Tube feet are hollow, thin-walled tubes that end in a suction cup.
The round, muscular structure called the ampulla works something like the bulb of a dropper.
Each tube foot works independently of the others, and the animal moves along slowly by alternately pushing out and pulling in its tube feet.

9. The water vascular system
Tube feet also function in gas exchange and excretion, and feeding!
Tube feet - starfish = wastes are passed from
stomach to WVS
sea cucumber = absorb, pass
in “reverse” to pharynx, to intestine, to anus
Sea Urchins – in addition to locomotion, they also have photoreceptors!

10. Echinoderms have varied nutrition
All echinoderms have a mouth, stomach, and intestines, but their methods of obtaining food vary.
Sea stars are carnivorous and prey on worms or on mollusks such as clams.
Most sea urchins are herbivores and graze on algae.
Brittle stars, sea lilies, and sea cucumbers feed on dead and decaying matter that drifts down to the ocean floor.