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2. Chapter 17 The Urinary System

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4. KIDNEYS
Location—under back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum, just above waistline; right kidney usually a little lower than left (Figure 17-1)
Internal structure (Figure 17-2)
Cortex—outer layer of kidney substance
Medulla—inner portion of kidney
Pyramids—triangular divisions of medulla
Papilla—narrow, innermost end of pyramid
Pelvis—expansion of upper end of ureter; lies inside kidney
Calyces—divisions of renal pelvis
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9. KIDNEYS
Microscopic structure—nephrons are microscopic units of kidneys; consist of (Figure 17-3):
Renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule—the cup-shaped top
Glomerulus—network of blood capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule—first segment
Loop of Henle—extension of proximal tubule; consists of descending limb, loop, and ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule—extension of ascending limb of loop of Henle
Collecting tubule—straight extension of distal tubule
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