1. Plantations and Slavery Spread
Chapter 11.2

2. The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney invents cotton gin—machine that cleans cotton (1793)
Makes cotton cleaning more efficient, changes Southern life
Cotton plantations spread west, triggers a move westward
Planters grow more cotton than other goods, cotton exports increase
Native Americans driven off land taken over for cotton plantations
Slaves from the east are sold to work on new cotton plantations

3. Slavery Expands From 1790 to 1860, cotton production increases greatly
As cotton earnings rise so does price of slaves
Expansion of slavery has major impact on South’s economy, people

4. Slavery Divides the South
Slavery divides white Southerners into:
those who have slaves
those who do not
One-tenth of white families have plantations with 20 or more slaves
Most white Southern farmers have few, no slaves, but support slavery
Slavery has become necessary to increase profits

5. African-Americans in the South
Slavery divides black Southerners into:
those who are enslaved
those who are free
Enslaved African-Americans are one-third of South’s population (1840)
Most work on plantations, some work as domestic servants, craftsmen
8 percent of African-Americans in South are free (1840)
Some states make blacks leave after they gain their freedom
Most states do not permit free blacks to vote, receive education

6. Finding Strength in Religion
Enslaved African-Americans rely on their culture to endure hardships
Culture filled with religious convictions, close personal bonds, music
Slaves express religious beliefs in folk songs—spirituals
Spirituals often contain coded messages about a planned escape

7. Families Under Slavery
Some slaveholders separate families of enslaved people
Often slaves run away to escape separation, see family again
Marriages of enslaved people are not legally recognized
If family of enslaved people stay together, children live with mother

8. Slave Rebellions
Two planned slave revolts are betrayed, leaders hanged
Nat Turner leads famous slave rebellion, Virginia (1831)
Turner, followers kill 55 white people
Turner’s men captured, 16 are killed, Turner caught, tried, hanged
Rebellion spreads fear in South
Pass harsh laws to control enslaved, free blacks