1. Volume 116, Issue 5, Pages 1107-1114 (May 1999)
Lactobacillus species prevents colitis in interleukin 10 gene–deficient mice 
Karen L. Madsen*, Jason S. Doyle‡, Laurence D. Jewell‡, Michele M. Tavernini*, Richard N. Fedorak* 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 116, Issue 5, Pages (May 1999)
DOI: /S (99)
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
(A) Histological injury score and (B) mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria in the colon of control (●) and IL-10–deficient mice (■) as a function of age. IL-10–deficient mice had significantly greater colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria than age-matched controls at all ages. There was no histological injury in the IL-10–gene deficient mice at 2 weeks of age and control mice at any age. Colonic injury score increased in severity in IL-10 gene–deficient mice and was maximal by 8 weeks of age. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
(A) Histological injury score and (B) mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria in the colon of control (●) and IL-10–deficient mice (■) as a function of age. IL-10–deficient mice had significantly greater colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria than age-matched controls at all ages. There was no histological injury in the IL-10–gene deficient mice at 2 weeks of age and control mice at any age. Colonic injury score increased in severity in IL-10 gene–deficient mice and was maximal by 8 weeks of age. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 2
Mucosal (A) adherent and translocated and (B) total (adherent and translocated plus luminal) concentrations of Lactobacillus in the colon of control (●) and IL-10–gene deficient (■) mice as a function of age. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age, IL-10 gene–deficient mice had significantly less adherent and total Lactobacillus sp. than age-matched controls. There was no difference between the two groups by 16 weeks of age. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 2
Mucosal (A) adherent and translocated and (B) total (adherent and translocated plus luminal) concentrations of Lactobacillus in the colon of control (●) and IL-10–gene deficient (■) mice as a function of age. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age, IL-10 gene–deficient mice had significantly less adherent and total Lactobacillus sp. than age-matched controls. There was no difference between the two groups by 16 weeks of age. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 3
(A) Colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria and total (mucosal adherent and translocated plus luminal) Lactobacillus levels and (B) colonic histological injury score at 4 weeks of age in age-matched controls (■; n = 6), IL-10 gene–deficient mice (●; n = 6), IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving L. reuteri repopulation therapy (●; n = 6), and IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving lactulose therapy (▨; n = 4). Both L. reuteri repopulation therapy and oral lactulose returned total Lactobacillus to control levels, normalized colonic mucosal adherence of aerobic bacteria, and reduced colonic injury. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls; +P < 0.01 compared with IL-10 gene–deficient mice.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 3
(A) Colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria and total (mucosal adherent and translocated plus luminal) Lactobacillus levels and (B) colonic histological injury score at 4 weeks of age in age-matched controls (■; n = 6), IL-10 gene–deficient mice (●; n = 6), IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving L. reuteri repopulation therapy (●; n = 6), and IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving lactulose therapy (▨; n = 4). Both L. reuteri repopulation therapy and oral lactulose returned total Lactobacillus to control levels, normalized colonic mucosal adherence of aerobic bacteria, and reduced colonic injury. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls; +P < 0.01 compared with IL-10 gene–deficient mice.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 4
(A) Colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria and total (adherent and translocated plus luminal) Lactobacillus levels and (B) colonic histological injury score at 8 weeks of age in age-matched controls (■; n = 4), IL-10 gene–deficient mice (●; n = 6), and IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving oral lactulose (▤; n = 6). Lactulose therapy returned total Lactobacillus to control levels, normalized colonic mucosal adherence of aerobic bacteria, and reduced colonic injury. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls; +P < 0.01 compared with IL-10 gene–deficient mice.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 4
(A) Colonic mucosal adherent and translocated aerobic bacteria and total (adherent and translocated plus luminal) Lactobacillus levels and (B) colonic histological injury score at 8 weeks of age in age-matched controls (■; n = 4), IL-10 gene–deficient mice (●; n = 6), and IL-10 gene–deficient mice receiving oral lactulose (▤; n = 6). Lactulose therapy returned total Lactobacillus to control levels, normalized colonic mucosal adherence of aerobic bacteria, and reduced colonic injury. *P < 0.01 compared with age-matched controls; +P < 0.01 compared with IL-10 gene–deficient mice.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (99) )
Copyright © 1999 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions