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Published byJayce Traylor Modified over 10 years ago
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Introduction to Computers Section 4A
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home Decimal Number System Called base 10 because 10 symbols are available
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home Binary Number System Computers function in base 2, or the binary number system, where there are only two values
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home Bit A combination of binary digit The smallest possible unit of data a computer can recognize or use
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home Byte A group of eight bits
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home Text Codes EBCDIC ASCII Unicode
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home CPU The CPU is the computers brain that manipulates data
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home CPUs Two Basic Parts Control unit Arithmetic logic unit
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home Control Unit Manages all the computers resources
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home Arithmetic Logic Unit Performs the CPUs arithmetic and logical operations
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home Machine Cycle The completed series of steps the CPU takes to execute an instruction
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home Machine Cycles Two Cycles Instruction cycle Execution cycle
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home Instruction Cycle Fetching Decoding
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home Execution Cycle Executing Storing
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home Millions of Instructions Per Second (MIPS) The CPU performance measurement
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home Pipelining Also called pipeline processing The control unit begins a new machine cycle before the current cycle is completed
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home Memory Allows the CPU to store and retrieve data quickly
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home Two Kinds of Memory Read-only memory (ROM): nonvolatile Random-access memory (RAM): volatile
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home ROM ROM always holds the same data, for example the computers start-up instructions
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home RAM RAMs job is to hold programs and data while they are in use RAM can change instantly
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home Other Kinds of RAM Dynamic RAM (DRAM) DRAM Variations Static RAM (SRAM)
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home Factors Affecting Processing Speed Registers Memory and computing power System clock The bus The databus The address bus Cache memory
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home Bus Types Industry standard architecture (ISA) bus Local bus Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus Universal Serial Bus (USB) IEEE 1394 (FireWire)
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home Data Transfer Rate The amount of data buses can transfer in a second Measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or megabytes per second (MBps)
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home Cache memory Speeds processing by storing frequently used data or instructions in its high- speed memory
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Section 4A Transforming Data Into Information
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home Review Questions What is the difference between a bit and a byte? What are the CPUs two basic parts? What is a machine cycle? What is the difference between ROM and RAM?
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