1. Week 1.2
Some Math

2. Last Session Elements of Music
Structured/Designed Sound
Some pleasant – bells, most musical instruments
Some nasty – whip
Some intermediate - drums
Rhythm (time)
Tones (Not defined, though)
Loudness (not actually listed, nor defined)
Pleasurable ????
Message ????
We listened to some interesting samples of music. We will be listening to much more.

3. Bone Flute – Music is older than I am!
40,000 years or more
Neanderthal

4. Where did instruments come from???

5. What does this mean?

6. Lightening Takes time to get to you or you are in big trouble.
Speed = distance/time
What is distance?
What is time?

7. Sound --- A “disturbance”

8. Important Definitions
Length or Distance
How “far” something moves or travels.
Measured against some agreed upon standard.
Length Standard .. The Gorf /8
= 4 1/8 Gorfs
Unknown Length

9. The real standard:
The Meter

10. Systems of Units SI Units …. Meters, Seconds, Newtons/Kilograms
English System ….. Feet/yards, seconds, pounds/poundals

11. More Important Definitions
TIME
The subjective “distance” between two EVENTS.
It needs to be objective … ie measurable and reproducible.
Original Clock – The Earth’s Rotation
“It is two days journey”
Today’s Clocks –
“He ran the race in 4 hours, 2 minutes and seconds”

12. Things that “tick” at some rate
The planet … once a day
The Pendulum .. Depends on a number of things;
Parameters:
Mounting
Length
Weight,
whatever
that is.

13. We will discuss this “g-thing” when we
In case you care
We will discuss this “g-thing” when we
get to acceleration.

14. Sun Clock

15. Water Clocks

16. And so on …
Rolex (~$10K) Atomic Clock (NASA) $ megabucks

17. The music clock: the Metronome
112 quarter notes per minute.
Tempo
Kind of
Pendulum

18. We hear music (and other noise) in our ears.
Sound

19. And you didn’t even know that you have one!
Sound pushes against
your
Tympanic Membrane

20. Better View

21. Inside your head d D
To Brain

22. A graph … what does it all mean?
time (seconds) 2
distance (meters) 1
100 50
snail
rabbit

23. Another Graph .. a biggy! -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 5 10 15 20 25
0.5 1
1.5 5 10 15 20 25
Time (seconds)
disturbance

24. Important Definitions
The PERIOD, T is the time it takes to go from one condition to the next time that exact condition is repeated.
The frequency, the number of oscillations per second, is given by:

25. Siren … a scientific instrument

26. The Graph

27. Bottles on the wall …

28. Resonance (later)
Loudness
Rotational Speed
(Turns/second)

29. Helmholtz Resonators

30. Helmholtz’s Results Note from Middle C Frequency C 264 D 297 E 330 F
352 G
396 A
440 B
496

31. Next ...
Fun with Strings