1. Cellular Biology
Chapter 3

2. The cell theory

3. So what is a cell?

4. Characteristics of animal cells
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
organelles
ribosomes
cytoskeleton
DNA*

6. Cell parts: plasma membrane
Made of a phospholipid bilayer

7. Embedded molecules of the plasma membrane
Carbohydrates:
Lipids (cholesterol):
Proteins

8. Cellular junctions between cells
Allows for cell to cell communication and to adhere to each other
ADHESION JUNCTION

9. Movement of molecules across a plasma membrane
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Endocytosis & exocytosis

10. Diffusion

11. Osmosis

12. Water balance between a cell & its environment
Tonicity:
Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution Isotonic solution

13. Active transport

14. Moving large molecules across a plasma membrane
Exocytosis
Endocytosis

15. Exocytosis

16. Endocytosis

17. Cells do a lot of work! Actively transport substances across membranes
Build membranes & associated proteins
Build macromolecules from smaller components
Move cellular parts w/in the cell
Move the whole cell
Maintain homeostasis
****This all takes energy!****

18. Two types of energy
Kinetic:
Potential:

19. Energy coupling

20. So, what is ATP?

21. Splitting of ATP

22. Phosphorylation

23. Can cells use less energy??
Yes!

24. How enzymes work
The making of a product

25. Enzymes are substrate specific

26. Mitosis

27. Death is part of a cell life cycle
programmed cell death, called apoptosis