1. Why do events happen, and what are their impacts?
Cause and Consequence
Why do events happen, and what are their impacts?

2. Cause and Consequence
- Change is driven by multiple causes, and results in multiple consequences- complex web of interrelated short-term and long-term causes and consequences
- Causes that lead to an event vary in their influence, with some being more SIGNIFICANT than others
- Events result from two types of factors: (1) historical actors- people who take action and (2) social/political/economic and cultural conditions within which the actors operate
- The effects of actors actions have unforeseen, unpredictable and unintended consequences

3. Cause and Consequence
- Events result from two types of factors: (1) historical actors- people who take action and (2) social/political/economic and cultural conditions within which the actors operate
- The effects of actors actions have unforeseen, unpredictable and unintended consequences

7. Agency vs. Prevailing Conditions
- Agency (the power to act)- is essential in understanding cause and consequence
- Are we bound in our ability to act by the "iron cage" of the conditions we find ourselves? Chicken or the egg scenario for sure
- Just as their are short term and long term causes, we must also consider the same for consequences
- a major issue of adolescents learning history is that there is a tendency to focus on the short range, immediate consequences of an event….for example…

8. Your most recent math mark
Causes?
Consequences?

10. Counterfactuals in History
- Easy way to show that history is not predetermined or inevitable- What If?
- Apply the conditions of the time to the agency of the historical actors- was there any other possible action?
- What would the consequences of the other possible actions(s) have been?
- What if Gavrilo Princeps had not assassinated the archduke?