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Theoretical Victimology
by Prof. Dr. Gerd Ferdinand Kirchhoff
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Victimology as a Science
Victimology as word: Victima Latin, the victim Logos body of theoretical knowledge, teaching 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victimology A theoretical body of knowledge This is not practical victim assistance a political movement creation of social programs victim related legislation Practical application of victimologiocal knowledge 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Basic Structure of Victimology
Dealing with Victims Victimizations Reactions to both, To victims To victimizations 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Who is theVICTIM? Answer 1: Victims of crime Hans von Hentig Stephen Schafer Ezzat Fattah Result: special victimology penal victimology superfluous endeavor! 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Who is the VICTIM Answer 2: Victims of everything Benjamin Mendelsohn Result: General Victimology To overcrowded and therefore empty 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Who is the VICTIM Answer 3: Menmade victims Zvonimir Paul Separovic Elias Neumann Robert Elias Gerd F. Kirchhoff 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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victimologia - Victimologia
victimologia = science of the crime victims Victimologia – toda victima social Poverty Marginalization Creation of masses excluded from decent living Excluded from hospitals, schools, labor market Victims of globalization 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Elias Neuman I Victimologia – el rol de la victima en los delitos convencionales y no convencionales 2nd ed. 1994 The poor, the marginalized, The socially submerged Victims of political systems and ideologies Victims of religions Victims of the justice system Victims of slavery and inhuman labor conditions 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Elias Neuman II 1994 Victimology is an autonomous science if it looks at all the victims of abuse of power, national or supranational, Victims of all oppression and terrorism in a society, as individuals, groups or All people in a country. Answer 4: Victims of Human Rights Violations 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Robert Elias Criminal victimization Social sources of victimization Governmental sources of victimization Framework of Human Rights Critical of traditional victimology: Law and order lobby has coopted victim assistance Victims have gained far less than promised Consumer frauds, poluution, unnecessarý drugs and surgery, food additives, discrimination, poverty, exploitation and war 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Answer 5: Victims of disaster and climate change
Victimology includes victims of disaster and natural catastrophes including climate change Newest Development since 10 years, mainly Dussich Fachry, Mundy, Susetyo Local: geographic situation in danger zone Relationship to the newest UN discussions that look at global sources of Human (In-) Security Social Consequences of Human Omissions to Secure Safe Life” - more publications needed 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Towards „Interim“ Consensus
1985 Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power One of the most important achievements of „victimology“ Deals with crime victims and with victims of „Abuse of Power“ Attempts to create a Victim Convention Self Awareness of WSV „You are not alone“ 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victimology defines Who is the victim? Important if you have special legislation which gives victims some benefits Schneider: When threatened by a criminal act, the victim may be A person An organization The moral order The legal system 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victims Only humans? No (Wolfgangs first order victims) Organizations (Wolfgang´s second order victims) Private companies, unicorporated associations, Trade unions Government bodies State (Wolfgang´s third order victims) Tax fraud, espionage International order Crimes against humanity – The Tribunal in the Hague 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victimology measures Entrance gate for the Methods of Empirical Research Problems of measuring victimization 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victimology measures Victimizations: the experience of being a victim Three dimensions of damage Victim Surveys Who, what, when, which consequences How many victims are out there.... Is the risk of victimization evenly distributed Over time Over area Over sex Over age What goes together with victimization? Social correlates of victimization 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Victimology measures Victimizations the experience of being a victim Victim Surveys See special presentation in this course Who, what, when, which consequences How many viuctims are out there.... Is the risk of victimization evenly distributed Over time Over area Over sex Over age What goes together with victimization? Social correlates of victimization 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Victimology scientific definition, description, measurement,
anylyses of patterns, of regularities, of associative and maybe causal relationships and probabilities and their interpretation.
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Reactions Victimology looks at reactions towards victimization -central topic in this field- Social sciences work on different levels of analysis Situational level Institutional level Macro-level 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Reactions Reactions of the victim Primary victimization Reactions of the social auditorium Secondary victimization Reactions permanently patterned Social structures: structural victimization 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Reactions It is proven that worldwide women especially are victimized by those men who have control over them and that authorities either cause or tolerate these abuses Domestic violence Women in custody Systematic rapes in wars and in civil unrest Quoted from ai: Broken Bodies, Shattered Minds-Torture and Ill Treatment of Women, 2March 2001 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Victim´s Informal Reactions
Crisis Crisis Reactions Crisis Intervention Entrance door for the whole system of victim treatment: Counseling 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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Jakarta 2011 - Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
Formal Reactions Victim Assistance Services Criminal Justice System Restorative Justice Transitional Justice 07/12/2018 Jakarta Prof. Dr. Kirchhoff
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