1. Study Guide
US II Q4 MCA

2. 1. The Supreme Court decision in Brown
v. Board of Education ended __________.
the “separate but equal” doctrine.

3. Martin Luther King Jr., influenced by Gandhi, believed in ____________.
nonviolent protest.

4. 3. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) decided to entrust decisions about priorities and tactics to ________.
young activists.

5. Civil Rights leaders targeted Birmingham in 1963 because the city ___________.
was highly segregated.

6. The brutality against African Americans in Birmingham prompted Kennedy to ___________.
propose a strong civil rights bill.

7. Television was a major factor in the election of 1960 because during the campaign _______.
the candidates faced each other in the nation’s first televised debates.

8. Kennedy’s New Frontier included efforts to ______.
improve the space program.

9. 8. The Warren Commission decided that the Kennedy assassination was ______.
the act of a single man.

10. 9. As a member of Congress, Lyndon Johnson was known for his _______.
great skill as a legislator.

11. 10. Johnson called his plan for improving the
nation the ______.
Great Society.

12. 11. Medicare and Medicaid were programs
designed to help people afford _____.
health care.

13. 12. During the 1960s, the Supreme Court
made several decisions which _____.
protected the rights of people accused of crimes.

14. 13. The goal of the Bay of Pigs invasion was
to ______.
force Fidel Castro from power.

15. 14. Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall?
To stop people from escaping from East Germany.

16. 15. The Cuban Missile Crisis ended when…
the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.

17. 16. President Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam
was to ____________.
increase the number of American military advisers.

18. 17. What did the United States fear would happen if it did not get involved in Vietnam?
Communists would take over the country.

19. 18. What congressional action gave President Johnson that authority to escalate the Vietnam War?
the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

20. 19. Television coverage of the Vietnam War…
brought the brutality of the war into homes.

21. 20. Which of the following best describes
the philosophy of the counterculture?
question traditions and experiment with new ways of living

22. 21. How did the Vietnam War finally end in 1975?
with North Vietnam gaining control of all of Vietnam

23. 22. Why did President Kennedy support the government of Ngo Dinh Diem?
Kennedy feared that Communists would take over South Vietnam.

24. 23. What was the name of the 1954 meeting to discuss conflict in Vietnam?
Geneva Conference

25. 24. What was the name of the major attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese?
Tet Offensive

26. 25. What was Ho Chi Min’s main strategy?
Aggressively attack South Vietnam and American forces utilizing guerilla warfare

27. Essay Questions

28. Identify and explain two causes and two effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Communism in Cuba (90 miles from USA)
Bay Of Pigs Invasion
Kennedy’s aggressive foreign policy: (Cuban Missile Crisis)
NATO nuclear missiles in Turkey
Missile gap: JFK started new arms race
Effects
Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
Red Phone Hotline b/w Soviets & Whitehouse (1963)
*Back off of bombs
Krushchev took bombs out of Cuba
U.S. took bombs out of Turkey
Both realized world was closer than ever to nuclear war

29. Identify & explain two causes and two effects of United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
Domino Theory & Containment
Geneva Conference (US Took Responsibility of Vietnam from France)
Kennedy & Johnson sending increased number of military advisers to Vietnam
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Effects
Anti-war protests divided US society
58,000 US dead, 300,000 wounded
US War Veterans PTSD
Countless Vietnamese civilians killed/maimed
Herbicides cause health problems
Cambodia & Laos destabilized, fell to Communists
,000,000 Cambodians killed in Khmer Rouge genocides

30. 50s: Beats were small group of poets & writers
Compare and contrast the countercultures of the 1950s and the 1960s. Identify and explain a minimum of one example of each.
Different:
50s: Beats were small group of poets & writers
Black clothes
Jazz music
Marijuana
Apolitical
known for "playing it cool" (keeping a low profile)
60s: Hippies were more numerous
Colorful clothes
Folk / Electric Rock music
Psychedelics (LSD)
Active in Civil Rights / Anti-war Protest Movements
became known for "being cool" (displaying their individuality)
Similar:
Importance of Music
Opposed social norms & cultural conformity
hip vs. square
Youth-based / youth-driven
Wore different clothing
as a form of rebellion
Mysticism / spirituality
Drug Use
Sexual Revolution