1. Unit 2: Westward Expansion

3. Manifest Destiny
19th century attitude = the US could, & is supposed to, stretch from coast to coast
1840s
Idea that Anglo-Saxon (white) Americans' providential mission to expand their civilization across North America
Fueled western settlement, Native American removal, and war with Mexico.

4. Manifest Destiny 2 ideas: Civilization or Removal
Civilization: Native Americans would become farmers; Christians; own individual land; learn English; & be American
Removal: civilization would not work, find land in the West to settle Native Americans

5. Manifest Destiny
George Washington wanted civilization, solve the “Indian problem” by civilizing & assimilating them
In the 1820s, racial categories meant that whites would never accept Native Americans as equals
Jackson elected in 1828
favored removal

6. Manifest Destiny 1830: Congress passes the Indian Removal Act
Jackson supported Georgia’s decision to take over Cherokee land
1831: Cherokee win case in Supreme Court, Jackson ignores ruling

7. Indian Removal Act
1833: small group of Cherokee sign the Treaty of New Echota
Not leaders of the Cherokee Nation
15,000+ Cherokees—led by Chief John Ross—protest
Congress ignored, ratified the treaty in 1836

8. Unit 2: Westward Expansion
Period 1

9. Indian Removal Act Cherokee given 2 years to move voluntarily
1838: only 2,000 had; 16,000 remained
U.S. sent in 7,000 troops, force Cherokees out

10. Unit 2: Westward Expansion
Period 2

11. Q: Why was the Indian Removal Act passed?
Use the documents to answer the questions.
You may work with a partner
Ask me for help if you need it!

12. Discussion
Why did Jackson (& others) believe removal was in the Natives’ best interests?
Why might some people at the time believed removal was reasonable?

13. Civilization & Removal
Yesterday: Removal & the Indian Removal Act
Today: Civilization & what Americans did to assimilate the Native Americans

14. Create a chart in your notes
Source
Observe
Reflect
Question
Describe what you see.
· What do you notice first?
· What people and objects are shown? · How are they arranged?
· What is the physical setting?
· What, if any, words do you see?
· What other
details can you see?
Title
(if there isn’t one on there, create your own – something that will help you remember which image/doc you’re talking about)
- What do you think about this?
- How does it make you feel?
- Why do you think this image was made?
· Who do you think was the audience for this image?
· What can you learn from examining this image?
What do you wonder about...
who?
what?
when?
where?
why?
how?

15. Directions
For each primary source you & your partner receive do the following things:
Source column = Title
Observe column = brief description
Reflect column = your thoughts
Question column = your questions