1. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Minerals
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

2. Follow along…
When you see information with a blue border, write it down!
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

3. Mineral Characteristics
Mineral = Natural occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
This slide can be extremely overwhelming for students because it has so much information on it. Assure students that you will be breaking down this sentence into 5 pieces that they will be writing more about on their Graphic Organizer.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

4. Mineral Characteristics
1. Naturally Occurring:
Formed by a process in the natural world
Mineral Quartz forms naturally as molten material cools and hardens deep beneath Earth’s surface.
This is a great time to talk with students about cheap value of synthetic gems, like laboratory manufactured diamonds (
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

5. Mineral Characteristics
2. Inorganic:
Minerals cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing.
For example, coal forms naturally in the crust, but it is not a mineral because it comes from the remains of plants.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

6. Mineral Characteristics
3. Solid:
Minerals are always solid.
They have a definite volume and shape.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

7. Mineral Characteristics
4. Crystal Structure:
Particles of a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again.
The repeating pattern forms a solid called a CRYSTAL.
Crystals have flat sides, that meet at sharp edges and corners.
Sometimes the crystal structure is microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

8. Mineral Characteristics
5. Definite Chemical Composition:
Minerals always contain certain elements in certain amounts.
Almost all minerals are compounds.
Some elements occur in nature in a pure form…like copper, silver, and gold. O O O O Si Si Si O O
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

9. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
a Quick Review…
If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below.
This is a great little video that covers the 5 properties of minerals. The kids might find it a little silly, but the content is more than worth it. The original video can be found here:
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

10. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Think-Pair-Share
Discuss whether or not the following items are minerals. Remember: in order to be a “mineral” the object must meet all 5 characteristics.
Pearl—made by an Oyster
Salt—forms cube shaped crystals
Gasoline—used in automobiles
Stalactite—hang from the ceiling in caves
Sand—found in a sandbox or at the beach
Students will have varying background knowledge about each of these items. Have patience with them if they ask clarifying questions or need you to explain more about each item. This should take no more than 5 minutes.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

11. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Think-Pair-Share
Answers:
Pearl—NO, it is organic
Salt—YES, it meets all requirements
Gasoline—NO, it is a liquid (and organic)
Stalactite—YES, it meets all requirements
Sand—YES, it meets all requirements
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

12. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
There are over 4,000 minerals in our world!
How do geologists identify all of them???
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

13. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Watch as this geologist identifies several minerals.
On the back of your Graphic Organizer, keep a list of the properties and characteristics that he uses in the identification…
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

14. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below.
This is an 8 min, 33 second video. It has a lot of information packed into this small amount of time. You can find the original source here:
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

15. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it:
Color
Crystal Systems
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Luster
Density
Special Properties
Hardness
You will explain each of these 8 properties in more detail, but now is a good time to have students write on their graphic organizer.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

16. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Color:
The mineral malachite is always green and the mineral azurite is always blue.
No other minerals look quite the same as these!
Their color makes them identifiable.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

17. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Color:
Color is easy to observe, but is not the best way to identify a mineral.
Which one is GOLD?
Give students seconds to discuss which mineral is “gold”, or have them hold up their fingers to indicate which mineral they believe is gold (1 finger = picture number 1; 2 fingers = picture 2; 3 fingers = picture 3).
Gold
Chalcopyrite
Pyrite (Fool’s Gold)
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

18. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Streak:
The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder. You can observe a streak by rubbing a mineral against a piece of unglazed porcelain tile.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

19. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Use this table to answer the following question.
Mineral Name
Color
Streak Color
Rose Quartz
Pink
White
Calcite
Gypsum
Olivine
Green
Green-Gray
Give students about 60 seconds of quiet time to try and figure out the answer to this question.
Can you use only color and streak color to determine the identify of an unknown mineral? Why or why not?
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

20. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Mineral Name
Color
Streak Color
Rose Quartz
Pink
White
Calcite
Gypsum
Olivine
Green
Green-Gray
No! There are some minerals that share the same color and same color streak. Many times other properties need to be used to identify an unknown mineral.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

21. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Luster:
Luster describes how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface.
Luster of Minerals
Metallic
Glassy
Greasy or Pearly
Earthy or Dull
Silky
Waxy
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

22. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Density:
Density is how much mass is in a given space (or volume).
Sometimes you can FEEL density by measuring the difference of the two minerals in your hand.
Density = Mass/Volume
To find the volume of a mineral: Place the mineral in water to determine how much water the sample displaces. The volume of the displaced water equals the volume of the sample.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

23. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Hardness:
Friedrich Mohs, an Austrian mineral expert, invented a test to describe the hardness of minerals.
The Mohs Hardness Scale ranks ten minerals from softest to hardest.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

24. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Mohs Hardness Scale 1
Talc 2
Gypsum 3
Calcite 4
Fluorite 5
Apatite 6
Feldspar 7
Quartz 8
Topaz 9
Corundum 10
Diamond
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

25. Identifying Minerals Crystal Systems: All minerals are crystal shaped
Minerals that have room to grow form complete, perfect crystals.
Minerals that grow in tight places form incomplete shapes.
Halite has a CUBIC crystal structure.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

26. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
These are examples of different crystal structures. Clockwise: Elbaite, Topaz, Muscovite, Borax, Olivine
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

27. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Cleavage and Fracture:
A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces has the property called cleavage.
Most minerals do not split apart evenly. Instead they have a characteristic type of fracture.
Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

28. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

29. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Special Properties:
Magnetism: Magnetite attracts metal like a magnet.
Fluorescence: Scheelite is a mineral that glows in ultraviolet light
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

30. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Identifying Minerals
Special Properties:
Optical Properties: Calcite bends light to produce a double image.
Reactivity with Acid: Aragonite reacts chemically to acid.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

31. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
A Quick Review…
If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below.
This video is 4:32 long.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

32. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Minerals Make Rocks
A rock is made up of one or more minerals! For example, Granite is composed of mica, hornblende, and quartz.
Muscovite
Hornblende
Quartz
Granite
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

33. Minerals Make Rocks
The shiny specks found in many different rocks are actually minerals!
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

34. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Minerals Make Rocks
Minerals determine the color of rocks!
This rock is black and white because it is made of black and white minerals.
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

35. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle
Let’s Review
Minerals are natural substances that are inorganic
Minerals are solid and have a crystal shape
Each mineral has a specific chemical composition
We can use physical properties to identify minerals
Minerals make rocks
(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle