1. Introduction to Programming
Lecture 21

2. Today’s Lecture
Bit manipulation
Bit operators

3. Logical Operators
AND &&
OR ||

4. Bit manipulation operators
& Bitwise AND Operator
| Bitwise OR Operator
^ Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator
~ NOT Operator
<< Left Shift Operator
>> Right Shift Operator

5. Truth table for AND operation
Bitwise AND Operator
Truth table for AND operation
Bit1
Bit2
Bit1 & Bit2 1

6. Bitwise AND Operator Example
…………
12 =
&
8 =
_______________
Hence x = 12 & 8 = 8

7. Example #include <iostream.h> main ( ) { int number = 12 ;
if ( number & 0x8 )
cout << "Bit number four is set" << endl ;
else
cout << "Bit number four is not set" << endl ; }

8. Truth table for OR operation
Bitwise OR Operator
Truth table for OR operation A B
A|B 1

9. Bitwise OR Operator Example 1 |
_____________
Hence the result x = 12

10. Bitwise OR Operator Example 2 |
_____________
Hence the result x = 9

11. Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator
Truth table for Exclusive OR operation A B
A^B 1

12. Example: Exclusive OR Operator ^
_____________
Result x = 9 ^
X = 9 ^ 1
_____________
Result x = 8

13. Truth table for NOT operator1

14. NOT Operator
x = 8
~ ( 1000 ) = 0111
= 7

15. Bit Flags

16. Read Write And Execute

17. Exclusive OR Operator Example
unsigned int a , b , c ;
a = 112 ;
b = 32 ;
c = a ^ b ;
c = ( a ^ b ) ^ b ; the result is a
c = ( a ^ b ) ^ a ; the result is b

18. Redundant Array of Inexpensive Devices
Raid
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Devices

19. Hot Plug

20. Example Swapping two integers without a temporary storage
unsigned int a = 12 ;
unsigned int b = 8 ;
a = a ^ b ;
b = b ^ a ;

21. Unsigned integer
unsigned int i , j , k ;

22. Left Shift
A number 1
Shift left 1 10

23. Right Shift
A number 10
Right shift 1 1

24. Left & Right Shift Operator
<< shift left
>> shift right

25. Left & Right Shift Operator
Unsigned int i = 4 ;
i << 1 ; shift left
i >> 1 ; shift right

26. Left shift 1 1 1 1
Right shift 1 1 1 1