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Abstraction

2. At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
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Abstraction reduces information and detail to facilitate focus on relevant concepts.
At the lowest level, all digital data are represented by bits.
At a higher level, bits are grouped to represent abstractions, including (not limited to) numbers, characters, and color.

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Software (programs) are developed using multiple levels abstractions, such as constants (pi will always = 3.14…), expressions (score = score+1), statements (x =5), procedures, and libraries (like different modules in Python).
The process of developing an abstraction involves removing detail and generalizing functionality.
An abstraction extracts common features from specific examples in order to generalize concepts.

4. Hardware can do the same  transistors and chips make video cards and
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Just like how software can use multiple levels of abstraction to create greater things – The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Hardware can do the same  transistors and chips make video cards and
Lower level abstractions (more specific concepts) can be combined to create other functions.