1. Post Enumeration Surveys Pres. 2
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009

2. Post Enumeration Survey
Consists of two separate coverage studies :
A survey conducted using a sample frame independent of the census. Persons from this survey are matched to the census to estimate the number of persons missed in the census
A survey conducted using a sample drawn from persons enumerated in the census. This sample is re-enumerated to determine if the sample person or unit was erroneously enumerated (inc. erroneously located)
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 2

3. Objectives of the PES
The PES can indicate to users where specific coverage problems occur in the census data and quantify these errors
The PES can provide guidance to census planners in designing future censuses, ie efforts can be made to improve difficult-to-enumerate sub-groups of population
The PES can identify problems or erroneous procedures used in the census.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 3

4. Post Enumeration Survey (contd.)
If the problems are sufficiently severe to warrant an adjustment of the census, the PES can provide information to be used in adjustments models.
The PES can provide measures levels of agreement on responses on selected characteristics such as sex, age, marital status, relationship to reference person or head of the household.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 4

5. Post Enumeration Survey
Concept of independence between the Census and PES
To the extent possible the sampling frame should be independent from that used in the census. However, in practice, the census EAs are commonly used sampling units in a PES
Planning and Operations: It is essential that the planning of the census should be independent to that of the PES, for strategic reasons, PES financial resources are planned as part of the census programme
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 5

6. Requirement for a good PES
The following steps are usually taken:
Setting up a separate PES planning unit from the census planning unit
Use of better qualified field staff in the PES relative to the census
If census enumerators are used, the better qualified should be involved and deployed in different areas for the PES
In some countries (e.g. Australia in 2006) the use of an independent frame from that of the census is practiced
PES questionnaire designed to have more probing questions
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 6

7. Requirement for a good PES
Develop an efficient sample design
The timing of PES should be soon after census
Maintain operational independence
Ensure quality assurance in all the stages of the PES, thus from planning to data processing
Control of non-sampling errors is essential like in any other surveys, as unlike sampling errors, they are difficult to measure, therefore one is better off controlling them
Credible estimation methodologies and procedures
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 7

8. Type of data – coverage evaluation
Non-movers: persons who were in a particular household as of the census and PES date
Out-movers: persons who were in a particular household at the census date but moved out or were not part of the household at the time of the PES
In-movers: Persons who were enumerated in a particular household during the PES but where not there during the census date
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 8

9. Type of data – coverage evaluation
Erroneous inclusions: persons enumerated in the census as usual members of a household on census date either due to fabrication or duplication
Census correctly enumerated: persons who were enumerated as usual members of a household on census date and PES date
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 9

10. Some items for content evaluation
Age
Sex
Relationship to reference person or head of household
Marital status
Educational level
Type of housing unit, etc.
Countries choose preferred items to include in the evaluation
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009 10

11. Thank You! Muchas gracias !
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2010 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: Census Evaluation and Post Enumeration Surveys, Asunción, Paraguay, 3-7 August 2009