1. Radiation and Half-Life
1.) Ionizing vs. Non-ionizing radiation
2.) Radioactive Decay (Half-life)

2. Non-Ionizing Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation without enough energy to release an electron (will not ionize)
Enough energy to excite an electron to a higher energy state

3. Ionizing Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation with enough energy to release an electron (will ionize)

4. Electromagnectic Spectrum
Scheeline.scs.illinois.edu for electromagnectic spectrum

5. Isotopes ISOTOPES of Carbon – each below have 6 protons
Atom is comprised of protons (+), electons(-)and neutrons
Mass comes from protons and neutrons
Isotopes share the same number of protons (+), but have different number of neutrons
ISOTOPES of Carbon – each below have 6 protons
Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons (over 99% naturally occurring)
Carbon-13 has 7 neutrons (6 protons + 7 neutrons = 13)
Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons

6. Half-Life
The amount of time it takes for the amount of the isotope to decay by half.
Forms an exponential decay
Known half-life can be used to determine the age of a material (Carbon-14 dating) 6 6

7. Carbon Dating
Carbon 14
6 protons + 8 neutrons = 14
Carbon 14 makes up 1 part per trillion naturally
Carbon 14 decays to Nitrogen 14 through beta decay
Ionizing decay
Level of Carbon 14 is the same as atmosphere at the time of death, and then decays
Can determine ages up to 60,000 years old
Half life of 5730 years

8. Chocolatesium Attention scientists!
New element has been discovered and its half-life needs to be measured.
Remember, half-life is when half the isotope remains