1. Bile duct epithelia regulate biliary bicarbonate excretion in normal rat liver 
Keiji Hirata, Michael H. Nathanson 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 121, Issue 2, Pages (August 2001)
DOI: /gast
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig.1
Secretin increases biliary bicarbonate concentration in a dose-dependent fashion.Secretin was infused via the hepatic artery in the isolated bivascularly perfused rat liver.Values here and in subsequent figures are means ± SD.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig.2
The effects of secretin on biliary bicarbonate concentration are attenuated when secretin is infused via the portal vein rather than the hepatic artery.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig.3
Dose-response curves for secretin-induced bicarbonate excretion.Data represent the net increase in bicarbonate concentration observed when secretin is administered via the hepatic artery (Figure 1) or the portal vein (Figure 2).
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig.4
Effect of secretin on bile flow in the bivascularly perfused rat liver.Secretin does not affect the rate of bile flow when it is infused via either (A) the hepatic artery or (B) the portal vein.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig.5
ACh increases biliary bicarbonate concentration when it is infused via the hepatic artery but not the portal vein in the bivascularly perfused rat liver.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig.6
ACh transiently decreases bile flow regardless of whether it is infused via the hepatic artery or portal vein in the bivascularly perfused rat liver.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

8. Fig.7
Effect of secretin plus ACh on biliary bicarbonate concentration.Secretin, ACh, or both were infused via the hepatic artery in the isolated bivascularly perfused rat liver.Simultaneous infusion of secretin (1 nmol/L) plus ACh (10 μmol/L) increased biliary bicarbonate concentration to the same extent as either agent alone.The tracings of secretin (1 nmol/L) or ACh (10 μmol/L) alone are from Figures 1 and 5.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

9. Fig.8
Cyclosporin A does not alter the effects of secretin (1 nmol/L) plus ACh (10 μmol/L) on either (A) bicarbonate excretion or (B) bile flow.In each tracing, the agents are infused via the hepatic artery.The tracing of secretin plus ACh without cyclosporin A in A is from Figure 7.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

10. Fig.9
Synergy between secretin (1 nmol/L) and ACh (10 μmol/L) depends on the order of administration.(A) ACh potentiates the effect of secretin on bicarbonate excretion, but only when secretin is administered first.(B) The synergistic effect of secretin plus ACh is blocked by cyclosporin A.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

11. Fig.10
The effect of ACh (10 μmol/L) but not secretin (1 nmol/L) on bicarbonate excretion is inhibited by DIDS (100 μmol/L).(A) Direct comparison of the effects of DIDS, DIDS + ACh, and DIDS + secretin.Each agent was infused via the hepatic artery.(B) DIDS blocks ACh-induced bicarbonate excretion.ACh data from Figures 5 and 10A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.(C) DIDS has no effect on secretin-induced bicarbonate excretion.Secretin data from Figures 1 and 10A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

12. Fig.11
DPC (100 μmol/L) inhibits the effect of both ACh (10 μmol/L) and secretin (1 nmol/L) on bicarbonate excretion.(A) Direct comparison of the effects of DPC, DPC + ACh, and DPC + secretin.Each agent was infused via the hepatic artery.(B) DPC blocks ACh-induced bicarbonate excretion.ACh data from Figures 5 and 11A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.(C) DPC inhibits but does not block secretin-induced bicarbonate excretion.Secretin data from Figures 1 and 11A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

13. Fig.12
NPPB (50 μmol/L) inhibits the effect of both ACh (10 mmol/L) and secretin (1 nmol/L) on bicarbonate excretion.(A) Direct comparison of the effects of NPPB, NPPB + ACh, and NPPB + secretin.Each agent was infused via the hepatic artery.(B) NPPB blocks ACh-induced bicarbonate excretion.ACh data from Figures 5 and 12A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.(C) NPPB inhibits but does not block secretin-induced bicarbonate excretion.Secretin data from Figures 1 and 12A are replotted to show the change from baseline bicarbonate excretion when control data are subtracted at each time point.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

14. Fig.13
Effects of glucagon and vasopressin on (A) bile flow and (B) biliary bicarbonate excretion in the isolated perfused rat liver.In these experiments, glucagon or vasopressin were infused via the portal vein, and the hepatic artery was not cannulated.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /gast )
Copyright © 2001 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions