1. 0:56
0:55
0:54
0:53
0:57
0:58
1:02
1:01
1:00
0:59
0:52
0:51
0:44
0:43
0:42
0:41
0:45
0:46
0:50
0:49
0:48
0:47
1:03
1:04
1:19
1:18
1:17
1:16
1:20
1:21
1:25
1:24
1:23
1:22
1:15
1:14
1:08
1:07
1:06
1:05
1:09
1:10
1:13
1:12
1:11
0:40
0:39
0:09
0:08
0:07
0:06
0:10
0:11
0:15
0:14
0:13
0:12
0:05
0:04
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:03
0:02
0:01
0:00
0:16
0:17
0:32
0:31
0:30
0:29
0:33
0:34
0:38
0:37
0:36
0:35
0:28
0:27
0:21
0:20
0:19
0:18
0:22
0:23
0:26
0:25
0:24
3:00
1:26
2:30
2:29
2:28
2:27
2:31
2:32
2:36
2:35
2:34
2:33
2:26
2:25
2:18
2:17
2:16
2:15
2:19
2:20
2:24
2:23
2:22
2:21
2:37
2:38
2:53
2:52
2:51
2:50
2:54
2:55
2:59
2:58
2:57
2:56
2:49
2:48
2:42
2:41
2:40
2:39
2:43
2:44
2:47
2:46
2:45
1:27
2:14
1:43
1:42
1:41
1:40
1:44
1:45
1:49
1:48
1:47
1:46
1:39
1:38
1:31
1:30
1:29
1:28
1:32
1:33
1:37
1:36
1:35
1:34
2:13
1:50
2:06
2:05
2:04
2:03
2:07
2:08
2:12
2:11
2:10
2:09
1:51
2:02
1:55
1:54
1:53
1:52
2:01
1:56
2:00
1:57
1:59
1:58
Do Now
Classify the following as elements, compounds, solutions, or mixtures
Soda
Chalk
Soil
Raw egg
Silver
Modern penny

2. Elements
Chemical Symbols

3. The Nature of Elements
Element - substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Atom - smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element
Examples – Aluminium, lead, boron, copper, gold, hydrogen, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, silver, sulfur, zinc, etc.

4. Alchemy The origins of chemistry can be found in alchemy.
One of the goals of the alchemists was to make gold.
In order to conceal their research from their competitors, alchemists developed secret chemical symbols.

5. Modern Chemical Symbols
Chemical symbols are useful chemical shorthand.
Modern symbols : Jöns Berzelius (1814), a Swedish chemist devised the system of symbols used by scientists today.
Rules for writing symbols
If possible, use the first letter of the name and capitalize it:
[1] H – hydrogen; [2] O – oxygen; [3] N – nitrogen; [4] C – carbon
In case of duplication of the first letter, use the first letter capitalized together with a second lower case letter:
[1] Ca – calcium; [2] Cd – cadmium; [3] Ce – cerium; [4] Cs – cesium; [5] Cr – chromium; [6] Cl – chlorine; [7] Co – cobalt
(Continued)

6. More on Modern Chemical Symbols
Many elements have symbols derived from their Latin (L) or German (G) names
Element
Symbol
Foreign Name
Antimony
Copper
Gold
Iron
Lead
Mercury
Potassium
Silver
Sodium
Tin
Tungsten Sb Cu Au Fe Pb Hg K Ag Na Sn W
Stibium (L)
Cuprum (L)
Aurum (L)
Ferrum (L)
Plumbum (L)
Hydrargyrum (L)
Kalium (L)
Argentum (L)
Natrium (L)
Stannum (L)
Wolfram (G)
Not
Required
Information!

7. Systematic Names
Systematic Names - three letter symbols that represent the atomic numbers of unnamed elements: prefixes stand for numbers.
the ending ium follows the last prefix
example: number - 109; name - unnilennium; symbol - Une
Number
Prefix
Symbol 1 2 3 4
nil un bi
tri
quad n u b t q
Number
Prefix
Symbol 5 6 7 8 9
pent
hex
sept
oct
enn p h s o e