1. Enclosure Fire Dynamics
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Qualitative description of enclosure fires
Chapter 3: Energy release rates
Chapter 4: Plumes and flames
Chapter 5: Pressure and vent flows
Chapter 6: Gas temperatures
(Chapter 7: Heat transfer)
Chapter 8: Smoke filling
(Chapter 9: Products of combustion)
Chapter 10: Computer modeling
Each course unit represents breaking down the problem into individual pieces

2. Goals and expectations
Account for:
How size, geometry, openings and buildning material affects an enclosure fire
Typical fire development
Different ways to characterise an enclosure fire

3. Ignition

4. Spread to additional fuel

5. Free burn Lv is the smoke visibility distance in meters (or cm)
Phi is the equivalence ratio, with a value > 1.0 indicating unburned fuel

6. Fire growth CO concentrations are now hazardous
Only 3 times more air available for combustions

7. Flashover
Unburned fuel in upper layer is able to burn once it mixes with oxygen outside the doorway.
Insufficient air now available for combustion

8. Temperature history during the course of a compartment fire
Not all fires follow this ideal history
It is very difficult to predict early growth during an immediately after ignition
Usually assume burning starts with HRR=50kW.

9. Definition of flashover
20 kW/m2 Heat flux to floor
Sufficient to ignite common combustibles
Smoke layer temperature of oC
Flames out through opening
t.ex. Few regulations for carpeting because it does not usually become involved until closer to flashover

10. Influence of oxygen depletion

11. Similar fires in compartments of a different size
Larger room in able to dissipate more of the heat, resulting in a lower flux for flame spread

12. Ignition - little influence from the compartment

13. Spread to second fuel package

14. Real differences evident

15. Insufficient oxygen in smaller compartment

16. Lack of oxygen

17. Lack of oxygen

18. Lack of oxygen

19. Questions? Next unit: fire growth/design fires
Release of pentane from a large spherical storage vessel
Is this a premixed flame?