1. Questions
Fat and Protein

2. 36. Fat Digestion
Which treatment would LEAST likely affect the uptake of fatty acids into the epithelial cells of the small intestine after a SINGLE fat meal?
Co-consumption of a drug which prevents emptying of the gall bladder
Co-consumption of a drug to prevent the formation of bile salts in the liver
Substituting 50% of the fat in the meal with Olestra
Co-consumption of a pancreatic lipase inhibitor with the meal
Co-consumption of a compound that prevents the formation of micelles 34 65 52 39 30
would prevent efficient digestion of fat
bile salts already in the gall bladder
only half the fat would be available
would not be able to digest the fat
would not be able to emulsify the fat – lipase wont work

3. 37. Chylomicrons Which statement BEST DESCRIBES chylomicrons?
Lipoproteins that carry dietary fat to the peripheral tissues
Discs of phosopholipid that mop up loose cholesterol in the blood stream
Milky droplets formed from the churning of a lipid/salt mixture in the small intestine
Microscopic droplets excreted by tissues that have too much cholesterol
An emulsion of fat and protein in the stomach
looking good!
175 13 19 3 9
a description of HDL
chyme
no such thing
not sure that this exits

4. 38. Fate of Dietary Fat
Which statement regarding the disposal of dietary fat is CORRECT?
Fat is transported around the bloodstream in micelles made from bile salts
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) transport dietary fat from the intestine to the liver
Unsaturated fat goes to the liver, but saturated fat goes to the peripheral tissues
Lipoproteins are taken up into cells before being acted on by lipoprotein lipase
Peripheral tissues encounter dietary fat before the liver
lipoproteins made from phospholipid 47 14 12 20
126
this is chylomicrons
not distinguished
all the hydrolysis in capillaries
chylomicrons delivered via the lymph

5. 39. LDL metabolism
What would be a consequence of taking a drug that inhibited Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) uptake?
A decrease in the rate of cholesterol synthesis by the peripheral tissues.
An increase in the concentration of LDL in the bloodstream
Decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol
Decreased intestinal absorption of fat
Prevention of bile salt synthesis 24
144 31 11 5
rate UP, no LDL-chol coming in
seems obvious – genetic defect too
no relevance
no relevance
perhaps less, liver takes up LDL?

6. 40. Role of HDL
Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the role of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)?
HDL is formed by the removal of fat from LDL
HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is secreted into the bloodstream
HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is secreted into the lymphatic circulation
A high HDL:LDL ratio is positively correlated with heart disease
HDL is produced by the liver and picks up cholesterol from the periphery
HDL different & LDL already fat depleted 7 16 8 13
171
made in the liver – but close
wrong in both ways
opposite… but positively unfair really
exactly

7. 41. Essential Amino Acids Which statement is CORRECT?
Essential amino acids are made into protein but non-essential amino acids are used for energy
Consumption of a large amount of non-essential amino acids will not counteract insufficient consumption of essential amino acids
Essential amino acids are only found in animal products
Aspartate, glutamate and alanine are all essential amino acids
A deficiency in one essential amino acid intake will increase the storage of the other 19 amino acids
all proteins contain a mix 5
188 7 14 6
horrid double negative (sorry) – but true
no – but some plant products deficient in specific essentials
easy to work out that all are NON-essential
a deficiency in just one aa makes ANY protein synthesis hard

8. 42. Disposal of excess amino acids
Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the fate of amino groups derived from the catabolism of amino acids in muscle?
The amino groups are mainly excreted from the muscle as ammonia
The amino groups are mainly excreted from the muscle as urea
The amino groups become linked to pyruvate for transport to the liver
The amino groups are stored on pre-existing proteins by converting glutamate residues in proteins to glutamine
The amino groups are stored on pre-existing polynucleotides by converting thymine bases to cytosine
most come out as alanine
so no 17 76
107 12 5
urea made in liver
yes, aminated pyruvate is alanine
would change the protein function!
similarly crazy!