2. Transcription Definition
The use of DNA (cDNA--Complementary DNA) to produce a complementary strand of RNA (cRNA)
During transcription, only ONE strand of DNA is used
Remember, RNA is single stranded
Students are to review RNA from Packet # 17
DNA is said to be transcribed into RNA
RNA is called the transcript
In the example provided in class, the RNA transcribed will be Messenger RNA (mRNA)

3. mRNA mRNA Messenger RNA
An RNA molecule transcribed from the DNA of a gene
Once mRNA is complete, proteins are translated from mRNA by the help of RIBOSOMES

4. Strands of Transcription
Template Strand
In transcription, known as the Complementary Strand (cDNA)
A molecular “mold” that shapes the structure or sequence of another molecule
Controls the nucleotide sequence of RNA during transcription
Alignment guide
“GUIDE”

5. Strands of Transcription
Complementary Strand (cDNA)
DNA transcribed from a specific RNA strand
Complementary Strand (cRNA)
RNA transcribed from a specific DNA single-stranded template

6. Genes The Review Where are genes located?
On the chromosome
What is the name of the location on the chromosome where genes are located?
The Locus
What are genes composed of?
DNA

7. Regions of the Gene I Regulatory Region The Coding Region
Receives signals from other genes or cellular environment
This is where RNA Polymerase, the only enzyme used during transcription, binds on the DNA strand
The Regulatory Region Has a region known as the Promoter Region
The TATA Box is found in the Promoter Region
The Coding Region
Area where RNA nucleotides are joined together to make an RNA strand.

8. Transcription Step by Step
Location
Nucleus
RNA Polymerase binds at the promoter region (sequence) and unzips the DNA strand
RNA Polymerase works downstream adding RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly formed RNA strand
New RNA strand grows in the 5’ to 3’ direction
While transcribing, the RNA polymerase reaches nucleotide #20-40
5’ Cap is made
Guanine is modified
RNA Polymerase hits the “Terminator” sequence that signals the end of transcription
Newly made RNA is released
The New RNA strand is called pre-mRNA
Why? Because the pre-mRNA needs to be “groomed” for the moment of Translation

11. Sections of pre-mRNA Contains introns and exons. Introns Exons
The “Junk in the Trunk”
Regions of the RNA strand that must be removed, via splicing, and will not be used during Translation
Exons
Regions of RNA that WILL be used and translated into amino acids during TRANSLATION

12. Splicing Eukaryotic Cells
Removal of introns
Location
Nucleus of the Cell
Enzyme used is Spliceosome
Removes the introns via “cut & paste”
After splicing, the pre-mRNA will be officially known as mRNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus, through the nuclear pores, and enters the cytoplasm