1. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1
Windows
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

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Windows
Provide natural light and ventilation to the interior of a building
The glass in the windows must be strong enough to resist wind pressure
The thickness of the glass increases as the size of the glass pane increases
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

3. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian
Windows
Windows are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials. Depending on the type of window specified they can be made from:
Timber (softwood or hardwood),
Powder coated Aluminium,
Wood grained UPVC
Bow window
Most modern glazing is double glazing
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

4. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

5. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

6. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

7. Modern Casement Window
Top hung Casement
Opening out
Fixed Lights
Side hung Casement
Opening out
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

8. Solid Timber window Head Top hung opening sash Transom Jamb Stile
Hinge
Positions
Jamb
Stile
Fixed light
Fixed light
Mullion
Sill
Side hung opening sash

9. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian
Definitions
Head
The horizontal top member of a window.
Sill
The horizontal base of a window.
Stile
The vertical members of a window on the outer edges.
Sashes are the frames in which the glass is mounted
Transom
The horizontal member in a window frame.
Mullion
The vertical member in a window frame.
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Wooden Windows
Parts of the fixed frame
transom
Parts of the moving sash
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

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Windows
The minimum area of window in habitable room should be 10% of the floor area
The minimum opening area of the window in habitable room should be 5% of the floor area
Windows – Types of opening section
Single-hung and double-hung windows
Side hung windows
Top hung windows
Bottom hung windows
Louvres
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Windows and its sizes
Custom made or standard
Custom made – window designed for a specific building
Standard - manufacturer produces a range of windows to fit typical windows
Height is determined by the size of the lintel
Other factors that influence the height are
Security – Small windows are more secure
Heat gain – Heat from surrounding surfaces enter through a window
Glare – The intensity of light entering from outside may need to be restricted
Handling – the practicalities of lifting and transporting window units
Height varies from 300mm to 1500mm
Window heights are increased in increments of 300mm
If you build a door into the window design, then the structure has an overall height of 2100 or 2400mm
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Windows and its sizes
Combination windows
The height of a window with a moving part should be less than 900 mm or the glass will be too heavy and subject to distortion from strong winds
Although the total height can be upto 2400 mm, the vertical sash should be divided into panels
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Windows and its sizes
Special Glass – 2 types
Wired glass – 6 mm thick, reinforced with wire – clear or obscure
Toughened glass – cannot be cut – when it breaks, shatters into harmless pieces
Louvered windows
Window with rows of sloping blades of timber or glass called louvres fitted into a frame.
Louvres slope out and down to deflect rain water. May need an insect screen to keep insects out.
Glass – 3 types
Clear glass – 3 to 4 mm thick
Obscure glass – toilets and bathrooms – 4mm thick – come in a variety of patterns
Special glass – internal or external doors for stronger safety
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Two methods for fixing glass in timber shutter frames
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Detailing timber windows
Longitudinal Section
Cross Section
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

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Detailing timber windows
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian