1. SWIFT-WFD
Screening methods for Water data InFormaTion in support of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive
Contribution to the monitoring GW: using screening methods for groundwater monitoring
A.M. Fouillac (BRGM)

2. General information about SWIFT
6FP, Priority 8 : “Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area” Activity “Policy Support and Anticipating Scientific and Technological Needs”
40 partners
Private research Institutes, Universities, 8 SMEs, regulatory organisms
18 countries
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italia, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sloviaka, Spain, Sweden, UK
Coordinator : Armines-Alès, France
Contact : Catherine Gonzalez
Duration
36 months
Start date : 1 January 2004
Contract n°SSPI-CT

3. SWIFT-WFD objectives
To produce an inventory of existing methods for water monitoring
To produce RMs for validating methods at laboratory scale
To produce a set of good practices for assessing emerging tools for field measurements and compare their results to standard procedures
To develop a methodology for in situ validation of promising tools
To assess socio-economic impact of these emerging tools
To transfer knowledge and technologies (EU 25) via professional training actions, workshops, e-learning programmes
In fine to improve efficiency of water monitoring (accurate water quality assessment for appropriate costs)

4. SWIFT-WFD project Needs for regulatory purposes Inventory Inventoryof of of
screening
screening
existing
methods
methods
methods
(WP1)
(WP1)
(WP1)
Guidance on
Guidance on
Guidance on
quality
quality
quality
assurance
assurance
assurance
Control
Control
Control
tools
tools
tools
(WP2)
(WP2)
(WP2)
Training
Training
Training
(WP4)
(WP4)
(WP4)
Field
Field
Field
intercomparaison
intercomparaison
intercomparison on on on
selected
selected
selected
sites
sites
sites
(WP3)
(WP3)
(WP3)
Impact low cost screening
Impact low cost methods
Impact low cost screening Up Up Up
coming
coming
coming
rapid
rapid
rapid
methods
methods
(WP6)
(WP6)
(WP6)
screening
screening
screening
methods
methods
methods
(WP5)
(WP5)
(WP5)
Innovation
Innovation
Innovation
implementing
implementing
implementing
strategy
strategy
strategy
(WP7)
(WP7)
(WP7)
Assessment of
quality
procedures

5. Screening methods What are they?
Rapid and low cost existing or emerging tools which are use to analyse lot of water samples
Can be qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative
Qualitative or semi-quantitative methods are :
designed for a large number of samples, few samples expected to have levels of the test analyte, close to specified limit
rapid and give an indicative value (semi quantitative) or an information (yes/no for qualitative)
Positive samples will be subject for further analyse carried out by classical methods but, so, the number of samples to be analysed in lab is lowered
Some of them can give info on group of compounds (early warning)

6. Examples of field screening methods
On site
the measurement is done after sampling
In situ
the measurement is done on the medium
On line/continuous
Spot sampling
Continuous/remote
Passive samplers
Biological Warning System
Continuous Flow analysers
Colorimetric kits
Semi-permeable membrane
Fish, Mossel, Daphnid
UV, IR, ISE detectors
Merck
Biosensors
DGT
ELISA, immunoassays
SAMOS
Automated HPLC
Optical fibers
Toxicity tests
On line Microtox
Sensors (optical, electrochemical)
Lab based techniques
Electrochemistry, XRF
HPLC, GC, UV, IR

7. Types of sampling Spot sampling

8. Types of sampling time integrated sampling = passive samplers

9. Types of sampling continuous measurement

10. Screening/emerging methods, why?
Groundwater variability
3D chemical content distribution
temporal change
Need of early warning
spills, discharges
Accidents
impossibility to measure all compounds (info on group of compounds = early warning)
Need of reliable and comparable data, provided on time and that allow decisions to be made
obtained at minimum cost & effort
“fit for purpose”
Unreliable measurements or inappropriate monitoring strategies lead to:
duplication of measurements and use of extra resources
negative economic impact
wrong policy decision
impact on public health / disasters

11. Monitoring of groundwater Fit for purpose Screening methods

12. Trends in ‘new’ approaches for monitoring strategy
‘Classical’ methods: Chemical analysis of spot samples
low sampling frequency due to high costs of analyses
impossibility to measure all compounds
Might lead to a poor assessment of the quality of the waterbody due to its spatio-temporal variability
Use of ‘Passive Samplers’ = a clue for estimation of chemical trends
time integrated sampling
increased concentrations, easier/better analysis
Assessment of low level pollutant trends becomes easier
Screening methods giving info on group of compounds
(semi) continuous operation
quantification based on summed signal (semi-identification and semi-quantification of compounds)
Role of early warning : more investigation is needed
Positive samples will be subject for further analyse carried out by classical methods but, so, the number of samples to be analysed in lab is lowered

13. Conclusion
Screening methods can improve the monitoring of groundwater :
frequency of the measurement/monitoring
knowledge of water quality (composition variation)
ecological/biological and chemical monitoring purposes
control of water bodies at risk
Screening methods have to be integrated to monitoring program
and to be used as a complement of classical laboratory methods
SWIFT project will provide a better water quality assessment through development, validation and integration of field chemical measurement systems

14. Thank you for your attention!
Thank you for your attention!