1. Topic: Evolution
Aim: Describe the various piece of evidence for evolution.
Do Now:
1. Take out your Sedimentary Rocks ISA.
2. Copy the topic and aim for today’s notes.
HW:
CL Genetics Due Tuesday 5/10

2. 1 2 3 4 8 7 5 6 10 11 14 9 12 13
This pedigree chart shows a recessive trait being passed on through generations.
What is the relationship between individuals 1 and 2?
2. How many offspring does the first generation have?
3. How many offspring do individuals 7 and 8 have? Which ones have the trait?
4. Identify the genotype of individual 7.

3. 1 2 3 4 8 7 5 6 10 11 14 9 12 13
This pedigree chart shows a recessive trait being passed on through generations.
What is the relationship between individuals 1 and 2?
They are married.
They have offspring.
2. How many offspring does the first generation have?
4 offspring.

4. 1 2 3 4 8 7 5 6 10 11 14 9 12 13
This pedigree chart shows a recessive trait being passed on through generations. 3. How many offspring do individuals 7 and 8 have? Which ones have the trait? 4 offspring 11 and Identify the genotype of individual 7. Heterozygous

5. Recombinant DNA Hybridization Genetic engineering Cloning Inbreeding
1. Identify the structure produced when combining DNA from two different organisms.
2. Identify the technique that is used to combine the desirable qualities of 2 different organisms.
3. Identify the technique in which humans change the genetic makeup of an organism.
4. Identify the technique which genetically identical offspring are produced by using the cells of an organism.
5. Identify the technique that is used to combine the desirable qualities of 2 organisms that are very similar.
Recombinant DNA
Hybridization
Genetic engineering
Cloning
Inbreeding

6. Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that
contain dangerous mutations
(2) contain identical genes
(3) are identical in appearance and behavior
(4) produce enzymes different from the parent

7. Which process is most similar to the process of cloning?
Fertilization
(2) Vegetative propagation
(3) Meiosis
(4) Gamete formation

8. Which process could be used by breeders to develop tomatoes with a longer shelf life and to develop cows with increased milk production?
natural selection  
genetic engineering
sporulation        
(4) chromatography

9. Change in a species over time
Evolution
Change in a species over time

10. Ancestor
Early form of an organism from which later forms have evolved from

11. Species X Species B, C and D Species A This is an evolutionary tree.
Which species is the common ancestor?
Which species are found in the present time?
Which species have become extinct?
Species X
Species B, C and D
Species A

12. Fossils
Any trace or remains of an organism preserved by natural processes

13. Bones

14. Mold = shape preserved in rock as hollow form

15. Cast = mold filled with minerals and hardens

16. Petrifaction = remains of organism turns to stone

17. Can be found in sedimentary rock
a. Identify the layer that contains the YOUNGEST FOSSILS. C
b. Identify the layer that contains the OLDEST FOSSILS. A

18. c. Identify the layer that contains fossils that are MOST COMPLEX.
d. Identify the layer that contains the LEAST COMPLEX. A

19. As move down layers, fossils become:
Older
Less complex
More complex
Least complex

20. youngest
oldest

21. Anatomical evidence
Homologous structures: similar structures with different functions

24. Similarities in embryological development
Embryological evidence

25. FISH
REPTILE
BIRD (chicken)
MAMMAL (human)

26. Similarities in DNA code
Genetic evidence
Similarities in DNA code

32. What do all of these similarities suggest?
These organism evolved from a COMMON ANCESTOR

33. Let’s summarize…
Define the term evolution.
Change in a species over time
2. Where are fossils found?
Sedimentary rock
3. Which layers have the youngest fossils?
Upper layers
4. Identify some other pieces of evidence for evolution.
Homologous structures
Genetic evidence
Embryological evidence

34. Structures that don’t seem to have a function
Vestigial structures
Structures that don’t seem to have a function
Ex:
Small leg bones in whales

35. Leg-like structures in skeleton of snakes

37. Vestigial organs indicate that they must have been present in a form in which they were highly functional in the ancestral forms.

40. (2.) show no similarity as adults
  According to one theory, similarities in these embryos suggest common ancestry. As these embryos mature, they will most likely 
(1.) develop new organs according to the nutritional requirements of each organism 
(2.) show no similarity as adults 
(3.) continue to closely resemble each other as adults 
(4.) develop the distinctive characteristics of their species

41. The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A
The fossils found in layer B resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that 
(1.) the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A 
(2.) modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life 
(3.) vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments 
(4.) the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B

42. The term "evolution" is best described as
a process of change in a population through time
a process by which organisms become extinct
the reproductive isolation of members of certain species
the replacement of one community by another

43. Which pair of structures are homologous?
(1) wing of an insect and wing of a bird (2) tentacle of a hydra and flipper of a whale (3) front leg of an insect and bones in the leg of a human (4) bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of  a bat

44. A study of the position and shape of the bones in the forelimbs of a flying squirrel, a bat, and a beaver showed that the beaver and the flying squirrel appear to be most closely related. This was most likely based on a study in the field of comparative 
(1.) anatomy 
(2.) biochemistry 
(3.) embryology 
(4.) cytology

45. Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species 
(1.) are evolving into the same species 
(2.) contain identical DNA 
(3.) may have similar evolutionary histories 
(4.) have the same number of mutations

46. Which species will most likely survive changing environmental conditions?
A species with few variations
A species that reproduces sexually
A species that competes with similar species
A species that has a limited life span

47. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have
(1) developed in a common environment (2) developed from the same earlier species (3) identical genetic makeup (4) identical methods of obtaining food

48. The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely
complex single-celled organisms
(2) complex multicellular organisms
(3) simple single-celled organisms
(4) simple multicellular organisms

49. youngest
Most complex
oldest
Least complex

50. 4 2 (dad) How many generations are represented in the pedigree?
2. In generation 1, which parent is a carrier of the recessive gene? 4
2 (dad)

51. 3. In generation 2, which individual marries someone who is pure dominant? 4. In which generation does the first case of sickle cell anemia appear? 3
3rd generation

52. 5. Which generation contains the most male carriers. 6
5. Which generation contains the most male carriers? 6. Can 2 carriers produce a child with sickle cell anemia?
3rd generation
Yes

53. 7. Can a normal person produce offspring with sickle cell anemia. 8
7. Can a normal person produce offspring with sickle cell anemia? 8. Which parents produce 2 children with sickle cell anemia? No
15 and 16