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Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 Next Generation Networking

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1 Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 Next Generation Networking
12/5/2018 7:18 AM BRK3056 Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 Next Generation Networking Daniel Havey Program Manager for Windows Transport Andreas Hammarskjöld Co-founder 2Pint Software @andhammarskjold © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

2 Content – latency matters much more than bandwith (Source: Google)
Increase Bandwidth LEDBAT++ (*Debatable) Big drop, then flatline Content – latency matters much more than bandwith (Source: Google) Lower Latency All the rest Continious gain

3 The Internet (very simplified diagram)
Internet Resource Photo by Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Internet ISP User Server Farm Access Network SLB © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

4 The Internet (very simplified diagram)
Internet Resource Internet Internet ISP Photo by Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported User Server Farm Access Network SLB © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

5 The Internet (Is a complicated place)
12/5/2018 7:18 AM The Internet (Is a complicated place) CDN SLB Internet This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA ISP Server Farm Access Network SLB This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA End Users & Devices SLB Cloud Services © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

6 The Internet (Is a complicated place)
12/5/2018 7:18 AM The Internet (Is a complicated place) CDN ISP SLB Access Network Internet This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA ISP Server Farm Access Network SLB This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA ISP Access Network End Users & Devices SLB Cloud Services © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

7 There are X billion devices connected to the Internet
12/5/2018 7:18 AM There are X billion devices connected to the Internet There are expected to be 75 billion connected devices by 2020 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

8 What is common on every device?
12/5/2018 7:18 AM What is common on every device? Physical Media Every packet on the Internet travels through these three layers (Session, Transport, Network) 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9 A user clicks on a URL. What happens?
12/5/2018 7:18 AM A user clicks on a URL. What happens? 4) Retrieve URL resource (HTML) This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 1) DNS Request 5) A typical web page might contain 30 or more resources 2) TCP Handshake This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA 3) TLS Handshake 6) Repeat 1-4 until complete 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

10 The lifecycle of a TCP connection
12/5/2018 7:18 AM The lifecycle of a TCP connection TCP State Machine Photo by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported 1. Connection setup Initialize connection resources Connect faster! 2. Data Transfer Find available capacity Repair loss and reorder packets Reduce latency and loss! Photo by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported 3. Connection Teardown Collect any stray packets Release connection resources Teardown faster! “ TCP State Machine” by Ivan Griffin under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Photo by Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

11 What do the users want? 7:18 AM Instant gratification.
They want their stuff and they want it now. Reduce latency End users Better network utilization. Better resource control IT professionals Better resource optimization Meet SLAs Data Center professionals White paper on Ethernet NIC offloads and optimizations Ignite 2016 Session that included network performance with 50Gb/s to a VM Please see our other talks: 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

12 Synergy and the Windows Ecosystem Development Lifecycle
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Synergy and the Windows Ecosystem Development Lifecycle Microsoft Ecosystem Apps (Edge, Office, etc) 3rd Party Industry Partners App development System Deployment Deep Domain Knowledge and Subject Matter Expertise Communication Channels Apps In depth topological and customer facing knowledge Windows Platform Teams (US) Internet Protocols Releases Windows Features 3rd Party Ecosystem (You) Flighting Builds 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

13 Contact and Communication
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Contact and Communication We want to connect with you Here are some channels to facilitate that: Windows Networking Blog Alias Facebook Early Adopters Program (EAP) Technology Adoption Program (TAP) Ignite 2018? 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

14 Let’s get to the cool new features
Features for end users HTTP/2 TCP Fast Open Initial Congestion Window 10 (ICW10) Fast connection teardown Receive Window Autotuning Upgrade Dead Gateway Detection (DGD) Features for IT Professionals Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT++) High Speed CUBIC Congestion Control Algorithm TCP Stats API RFC 6106 support IPv6 Flow Labels ISATAP and 6to4 disabled by default Improved 464XLAT support Improved diagnostics using Test-NetConnection Features for Data Center Professionals TCP Recent ACKnowledgement (RACK) Tail Loss Probe (TLP) 7:18 AM

15 Features for End Users 7:18 AM 12/5/2018 7:18 AM
© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

16 HTTP/2 – Connections and Streams & Header Compression – Reduce Latency
Page Complete Edge (press F12) Network dev tools Stream multiplexing Significantly Reduces Head of Line (HoL) blocking © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

17 HTTP/2 – Connections and Streams Reduce Latency
7:18 AM

18 Demo HTTP/2 Daniel Havey http://www.http2demo.io/ 12/5/2018 7:18 AM
© Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

19 HTTP/2 – Connections and Streams Reduce Latency
With just HTTP/2 and no content rearrangement (de-sharding) we have seen: 10%-20% latency improvement at the 75th and 90th percentile This is from a major service with multiple device types across PC and mobile With content rearrangement we expect to see a LOT more improvement 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

20 HTTP/2 – Cipher Suite Negotiation Recommended Procedures
12/5/2018 7:18 AM HTTP/2 – Cipher Suite Negotiation Recommended Procedures Server selects most preferred cipher from its list which is also present on client’s list HTTP/2 permits clients to reject connection if server selects certain prohibited cipher suites Clients still offer these cipher suites for HTTP/1.1 servers Client Hello (List of cipher suites) Server Hello (Selected cipher suite) List of cipher suites Rule of thumb: Always put HTTP/2-compatible cipher suites higher on your preference list than HTTP/2-prohibited cipher suites (See KB ) © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

21 Immutable – Some things never change Reduce Latency
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Immutable – Some things never change Reduce Latency Caching speeds up the web tremendously However, when the user clicks reload even cached items are reloaded (or at least checked for freshness) Some sites particularly Facebook have images that will never change The image version is embedded in the URL Immutable cache item Even if the user clicks refresh – Don’t reload the item and don’t check for freshness 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

22 Immutable Caching Daniel Havey
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Immutable Caching Daniel Havey 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

23 TCP Fast Open and Connection Setup Reduce Latency
12/5/2018 7:18 AM TCP Fast Open and Connection Setup Reduce Latency DNS Query DNS: 1 RTT to Name Server DNS response Pre-resolve TCP SYN TCP: 1 RTT TCP SYN/ACK TCP ACK TCP Fast Open Per HTTP Connection HTTP/2 TLS 1.2: 1-2 RTTs Change Cypher Spec, Finished 5077 Session Resumption, or False Start Change Cypher Spec, Finished HTTP Request © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

24 Initial Congestion Window 10 (ICW10) Reduce Latency
ICW is the amount of data transferred in the 1st RTT Most Internet Objects are smaller than 15 KB ICW 10 is 3 times as fast for a 15 KB transfer Data transferred per RTT Time to transfer 15KB ICW vs Latency Plot RTT ICW 4 ICW 10 1 4 (6KB) 10 (15 KB) 2 8 (12 KB) 20 (30 KB) 3 16 (24 KB) 40 (60 KB) ICW RTTs 4 3 10 1 7:18 AM

25 Receive Window Autotuning Upgrade More throughput
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Receive Window Autotuning Upgrade More throughput TCP Window size  determines how much throughput/latency We have improved the Autotuning algorithm to get: Greater throughput and less latency Receive Buffer Limited Case: ———————————————————— Client connecting to , TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 208 KByte (default) ———————————————————— [ 3] local port connected with port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] sec 512 KBytes 4.19 Mbits/sec [ 3] sec 1.50 MBytes 12.6 Mbits/sec [ 3] sec 1.50 MBytes 12.6 Mbits/sec Autotuned Receive Buffer Case: ———————————————————— Client connecting to , TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 64.0 KByte (default) ———————————————————— [  3] local port connected with port 5001 [ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth [  3]  sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec [  3]  sec  11.8 MBytes  98.6 Mbits/sec [  3]  sec  18.0 MBytes   151 Mbits/sec [  3]  sec  18.0 MBytes   151 Mbits/sec 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

26 AutoTuning Demo Daniel Havey 7:18 AM

27 7:18 AM

28 Fast connection teardown
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Fast connection teardown TCP State Machine TCP teardown takes <= 20 seconds This is by design (RFC 793). For instance a migrating VM might need the TCP connections to stay open In some cases this is unacceptably slow Fast connection teardown causes TCP to instantly tear down connections for a fast transition 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

29 Dead Gateway Detection (DGD)
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Dead Gateway Detection (DGD) Dead Gateway Signal Intercontinental 3 - hop Satellite Link – 4,000 ms RTT X X X DGD Algorithm Hmmm, a significant percentage of connections through this gateway have not made forward progress! X 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

30 Features for IT Professionals (As well as end users)
7:18 AM

31 LEDBAT++ More resource control
12/5/2018 7:18 AM LEDBAT++ More resource control LEDBAT++ is a bandwidth scavenger algorithm It finds unused bandwidth and uses it It never interferes with other flows Sensitive to traffic on other machines LEDBAT++ Uses Use LEDBAT++ for traffic that is important, but not urgent Non-critical Windows OS updates Database synchronization 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

32 Some LEDBAT++ Math with Dr. Havey
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Some LEDBAT++ Math with Dr. Havey TCP Equilibrium: 𝑋∗ 𝑊 2 = 1 𝑊  𝑾= 𝟐 𝑿 LEDBAT will never take bandwidth from another flow LEDBAT Equilibrium: 𝑋∗ 𝑊 2 = 1 𝐹∗𝑊  𝑾= 𝟐 𝑭∗𝑿 𝐹=𝑚𝑖𝑛 16, 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙 2∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦<𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑊+=𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑊=𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛−𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡∗𝑊∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡−1 LEDBAT is fast. It always reacts in exactly 1 RTT * We are currently considering RANDZ 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

33 LEDBAT++ Andreas Hammarskjöld 7:18 AM

34 Introduction to TCP Templates
As most cool things we work with, unknown G/Set-NetTransportFilter Congestion providers It will apply template at connection startup It will never switch during connection Template

35 Congestion Providers -CongestionProvider<CongestionProvider>
Specifies the congestion provider property that TCP uses. The acceptable values for this parameter are: -- CTCP. Compound TCP increases the receive window and amount of data sent. CTCP can improve throughput on higher latency connections. -- DCTCP. Data Center TCP adjusts the TCP window based on network congestion feedback based on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) signaling. DCTCP may improve throughput on low latency links. -- Default. Servers use DCTCP by default. Client computers use NewReno. For information about NewReno, see RFC 3782 (

36 Working with TransportFilters
#view current filters Get-NetTransportFilter #change congestion provider for DataCenterCustom Set-NetTCPSetting -SettingName "DataCenterCustom" -CongestionProvider LEDBAT #Set the filter for a subnet New-NetTransportFilter –SettingName DatacenterCustom –DestinationPrefix /16 #to configure IIS for port 80 and port 443 New-NetTransportFilter –SettingName DatacenterCustom -LocalPortStart 80 -LocalPortEnd 80 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535 New-NetTransportFilter –SettingName DatacenterCustom -LocalPortStart 443 -LocalPortEnd 443 -RemotePortStart 0 -RemotePortEnd 65535

37 Demo: TCP Templates Andreas Hammarskjöld

38 Why LEDBAT? The main goals
I hate bats… Efficiently use available bandwidth Keep the delay low on the network Quickly yield to regular (non-LEDBaT) traffic Protect your servers Protect your WAN’s Prioritize traffic

39 Without LEDBAT – Unused traffic
Unused bandwidth

40 Without LEDBAT – Competing Traffic
Kapowh!

41 With LEDBAT – No unused traffic, always yields

42 Slide explaining the setup
Windows Server 2016 LEDBAT++ HTTP Download Lowest Priority Network A /24 LEDBAT++ SMB Transfer Windows Server 2016 No LEDBAT++ Network B /24 Not LEDBAT++

43 LEDBAT in realtime Using StifleR

44 Microsoft version aka. LEDBAT++
Windows LEDBAT++ is not RFC 6817 FC 6817 suffers from: Clock SKU Latecomer advantage Inter-LEDBAT Fairness Latency drift RTT instead of one way delay Stop and Start behavior Now in Windows 10/WS2016 Inter-LEDBAT Fairy – now thats what I use!

45 LEDBAT – Difference in numbers
Regular Throttling 13.5 GB LEDBAT 37 GB

46 12/5/2018 7:18 AM Ok, I get it. But how do I sell this to my management that don’t understand anything about pretty much everything? © 2014 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

47 TCP Cubic – The Opposite of LEDBAT++
Cubic is for high speed long running flows Faster High Bandwidth Low Bandwidth New Reno (regular) TCP Bandwidth Bandwidth Cubic TCP Time Time

48 12/5/2018 7:18 AM TCP Cubic – The Opposite of LEDBAT++ Faster data transfer (more throughput) Uses for Cubic: Long running urgent flows Critical Windows OS updates Security patches (WannaCry malware patch) We want to be carefull of what we adopt: We have a large footprint and carelessness could break the Internet Cubic can be enabled today Based on what we hear from you. We may enable it by default in the future 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

49 IPv4 to IPv6 transition technology timeline
12/5/2018 7:18 AM IPv6 Readiness Router Advertisement (RA) support - DNS configured by RA IPv6 Flow labels - Set to a hash of the 5-tuple 464 XLAT 6to4 Supported on desktop and tablet Disabled by default Past Future ISATAP The world is somewhere around here right now IPv4 only Internet IPv6 only Internet IPv4 to IPv6 transition technology timeline 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

50 12/5/2018 7:18 AM Improved Diagnostics Test-NetConnection -ComputerName " -ConstrainInterface 5 -DiagnoseRouting -InformationLevel "Detailed“ ComputerName : RemoteAddress : ConstrainInterfaceIndex : 6 SelectedSourceAddress : OutgoingInterfaceIndex : 6 SelectedNetRoute : DestinationPrefix: /0 NextHop: DestinationAddressSelectionEvents : IP: Address pair (::ffff: , ::ffff: ) is preferred over (::ffff: , ::ffff: ) by SortOptions: 0, Reason: Order Unchanged (No Preference) (Rule S 10.0). RouteSelectionEvents : SourceAddressSelectionEvents : RouteDiagnosticsSucceeded : True 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

51 TCP Statistics API Take TCP statistics for a selected set of connections This is much more effiecient than the old method of taking stats on all connections and filtering out the ones that are not needed New method – Collect stats only from flows of interest. Socket option, admin not required. Old method – Collect stats from all flows and filter out the unwanted ones. Admin required TCP Flows TCP Stats 7:18 AM

52 Features for Data Center Pros (and IT Pros as well as Users)
7:18 AM

53 Tail Loss Probe and RACK Faster loss recovery (Reduce Latency)
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Tail Loss Probe and RACK Faster loss recovery (Reduce Latency) There are two ways to recover a lost packet Retransmit TimeOut (RTO) Fast Recovery Tail Loss Probe converts RTOs into Fast Recovery Packet Loss Increases Latency TLP Reduces Latency Stop counting packets Use time to detect loss instead 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

54 Single connection Performance
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Single connection Performance Windows Server version 1709 performance Throughput: Using software RSC 1709 can drive 26 Gbps on a single connection. WS 2016 could only drive 14 Gbps CPU: Average of 40% reduction in CPU usage for TCP send/receive when using large I/O sizes UDP: 125% improvement in send and receive throughput for the most common I/O size (1200 bytes) 1,700% for 8K I/O size (not so common 7:18 AM © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

55 Call to action Move servers to Windows Server 2016 version 1709
12/5/2018 7:18 AM Call to action Move servers to Windows Server 2016 version 1709 Implement a peer-to-peer distribution technology Sit back and relax & let Windows do the job © 2014 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

56 Please evaluate this session
Tech Ready 15 12/5/2018 Please evaluate this session From your Please expand notes window at bottom of slide and read. Then Delete this text box. PC or tablet: visit MyIgnite Phone: download and use the Microsoft Ignite mobile app Your input is important! © 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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