1. EEC-693/793 Applied Computer Vision with Depth Cameras
Lecture 15
Wenbing Zhao

2. Outline Approaches to gesture recognition Rules based
Single pose based (this lecture)
Multiple poses based
Machine learning based

3. Gesture Recognition Engine
The recognition engine typically performs the following tasks:
It accepts user actions in a form of skeleton data
It matches the data points with predefined logic for a specific gesture
It executes actions if the gesture is recognized
It responds to the users 3

4. Gesture Recognition Engine4

5. Gesture Recognition Engine5

6. Recognizing Two Gestures6

7. Gesture Recognition Engine
public enum GestureType {
HandsClapping,
TwoHandsRaised }
GestureType
RecognitionResult
GestureEventArgs
public enum RecognitionResult {
Unknown,
Failed,
Success }
public class GestureEventArgs : EventArgs {
public GestureType gsType { get; internal set; }
public RecognitionResult Result { get; internal set; }
public GestureEventArgs(GestureType t, RecognitionResult result) {
this.Result = result;
this.gsType = t; } 7

8. Gesture Recognition Engine
public class GestureRecognitionEngine {
public GestureRecognitionEngine() { }
public event EventHandler<GestureEventArgs> GestureRecognized;
public Skeleton Skeleton { get; set; }
public GestureType GestureType { get; set; }
public void StartRecognize(GestureType t) {
this.GestureType = t;
switch (t) {
case GestureType.HandsClapping:
this.MatchHandClappingGesture(this.Skeleton);
break;
case GestureType.TwoHandsRaised:
this.MatchTwoHandsRaisedGesture(this.Skeleton);
default: } 8

9. Gesture Recognition Engine
float previousDistance = 0.0f;
private void MatchHandClappingGesture(Skeleton skeleton) {
if (skeleton == null) { return; }
if (skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight].TrackingState == JointTrackingState.Tracked
&& skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft].TrackingState == JointTrackingState.Tracked) {
float currentDistance =
GetJointDistance(skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight],
skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft]);
if (currentDistance < 0.1f && previousDistance > 0.1f) {
if (this.GestureRecognized != null)
this.GestureRecognized(this, new GestureEventArgs(GestureType.HandsClapping, RecognitionResult.Success)); }
previousDistance = currentDistance; 9

10. Gesture Recognition Engine
private void MatchTwoHandsRaisedGesture(Skeleton skeleton) {
if (skeleton == null) { return; }
float threshold = 0.3f;
if (skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandRight].Position.Y > skeleton.Joints[JointType.Head].Position.Y + threshold
&& skeleton.Joints[JointType.HandLeft].Position.Y > skeleton.Joints[JointType.Head].Position.Y + threshold) {
if (this.GestureRecognized != null)
this.GestureRecognized(this, new GestureEventArgs(GestureType.TwoHandsRaised,RecognitionResult.Success)); } 10

11. Gesture Recognition Engine
private float GetJointDistance(Joint firstJoint, Joint secondJoint) {
float distanceX = firstJoint.Position.X - secondJoint.Position.X;
float distanceY = firstJoint.Position.Y - secondJoint.Position.Y;
float distanceZ = firstJoint.Position.Z - secondJoint.Position.Z;
return (float)Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(distanceX, 2) + Math.Pow(distanceY, 2) + Math.Pow(distanceZ, 2)); } 11

12. Vectors, Dot Product, Angles
Segments of body can be represented using vectors
You can create a class/struct for Vector3 or use Unity Vector3 type
Dot product of two vectors
Angle formed by two vectors in degrees
Vector3 seg;
seg.X = Joint1.Position.X – Joint2.Position.X;
seg.Y = Joint1.Position.Y – Joint2.Position.Y;
seg.Z = Joint1.Position.Z – Joint2.Position.Z;
Vector3 seg1, seg2;
float dotproduct = seg1.X*seg2.X+seg1.Y*seg2.Y+seg1.Z*seg2.Z;
Vector3 seg1, seg2;
float dotproduct = seg1.X*seg2.X+seg1.Y*seg2.Y+seg1.Z*seg2.Z;
float seg1magnitude = Math.Sqt(seg1.X*seg1.X+seg1.Y*seg1.Y+seg1.Z*seg1.Z);
float seg2magnitude = Math.Sqt(seg2.X*seg2.X+seg2.Y*seg2.Y+seg2.Z*seg2.Z);
float angle = Math.Acos(dotproduct/seg1magnitude/seg2magnitude)*180/Math.PI; 12

13. Build a Gesture Recognition App
The app can recognize two gestures
Clapping hand
Two hands raised
Setting up project
Create a new C# WPF project with a name GestureRecognitionBasic
Add Microsoft.Kinect reference, import name space, etc
Add GUI component
Create a new C# file named GestureRecognitionEngine.cs, and copy the code to this class
In solution explore, right click, then Add => New Item 13

14. Build a Gesture Recognition App
User interface
TextBox
Canvas
Image 14

15. Build a Gesture Recognition App
Add member variables
Modify constructor
KinectSensor sensor;
private WriteableBitmap colorBitmap;
private byte[] colorPixels;
Skeleton[] totalSkeleton = new Skeleton[6];
Skeleton skeleton;
GestureRecognitionEngine recognitionEngine;
public MainWindow() {
InitializeComponent();
Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(WindowLoaded); } 15

16. Build a Gesture Recognition App
private void WindowLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
if (KinectSensor.KinectSensors.Count > 0) {
this.sensor = KinectSensor.KinectSensors[0];
if (this.sensor != null && !this.sensor.IsRunning) {
this.sensor.Start();
this.sensor.ColorStream.Enable();
this.colorPixels = new byte[this.sensor.ColorStream.FramePixelDataLength];
this.colorPixels = new WriteableBitmap(this.sensor.ColorStream.FrameWidth, this.sensor.ColorStream.FrameHeight, 96.0, 96.0, PixelFormats.Bgr32, null);
this.image1.Source = this.colorBitmap;
this.sensor.ColorFrameReady += this.colorFrameReady;
this.sensor.SkeletonStream.Enable();
this.sensor.SkeletonFrameReady += skeletonFrameReady;
recognitionEngine = new GestureRecognitionEngine();
recognitionEngine.GestureRecognized += gestureRecognized; } 16

17. Build a Gesture Recognition App
Gesture recognized event handler
colorFrameReady(), DrawSkeleton(), drawBone(), ScalePosition() same as before
void gestureRecognized(object sender, GestureEventArgs e) {
textBox1.Text = e.gsType.ToString(); } 17

18. Build a Gesture Recognition App
Handle skeleton frame ready event
void skeletonFrameReady(object sender, SkeletonFrameReadyEventArgs e) {
canvas1.Children.Clear();
using (SkeletonFrame skeletonFrame = e.OpenSkeletonFrame()) {
if (skeletonFrame == null) { return; }
skeletonFrame.CopySkeletonDataTo(totalSkeleton);
skeleton = (from trackskeleton in totalSkeleton
where trackskeleton.TrackingState == SkeletonTrackingState.Tracked
select trackskeleton).FirstOrDefault();
if (skeleton == null)
return;
DrawSkeleton(skeleton);
recognitionEngine.Skeleton = skeleton;
recognitionEngine.StartRecognize(GestureType.HandsClapping);
recognitionEngine.StartRecognize(GestureType.TwoHandsRaised); } 18

19. Challenge Tasks Add recognition of two more gestures
Right hand is raised
Left hand is raised
Add the GestureRecognitionEngine.cs to a Unity+Kinect app, and add visual feedback on the gestures recognized 19