1. Salivary Glands Major salivary glands:
Lie at some distance from the mucosa and communicate with one or more ducts.
Three paired masses of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Minor Salivary glands:
Lie in the mucosa or submucosa and open directly or indirectly via many short excretory ducts.
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2. Salivary Glands Function: Lubrication of food, assisting swallowing.
Moistening of the buccal mucosa, essential for speech.
Provision of an aqueous solvent, necessary for taste.
Provision of a fluid seal, necessary for sucking.
Secretion of digestive enzymes, amylase.
Secretion of hormones, Glucagons-like protein and ? serotonin
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3. Salivary Glands The Parotid gland: The Parotid gland:
The largest of the salivary and is predominantly serous with few scattered mucous acini.
It lies below the external auditory meatus in a deep hollow between the ramus, the mastoid and the styloid process.
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4. Salivary Glands: The Parotid gland:
It is roughly wedge shape, with an upper and lower poles with the base above and the apex below behind the angle of the mandible.
It is also wedge shaped in the horizontal plan with three surfaces, lateral, antero-medial and postero-medial, the base is the lateral and apex lies against the pharyngeal wall
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5. Salivary Glands: The Parotid gland: The parotid sheath
is a tough capsule, derived from the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
Superficial layer is attached to the zygomatic arch
The deep part to the styloid process, the mandible (stylo-mandibular ligament) and the tympanic part of temporal bone
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6. Salivary Glands: The Parotid gland: The upper pole
adhere to the cartilage of external auditory and the TMJ capsule
The lower pole
is rounded and lie below and behind the angle of the mandible.
The facial nerve
divide it into superficial and deep parts or lobes
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7. Salivary Glands: The Parotid gland: Lateral surface
is flat and covered with skin and superficial fascia containing great auricular nerve.
Lymph nodes lie within the substance or under the sheath.
The duct and the five branches of the facial nerve emerge from its anterior border
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8. Salivary Glands: Anteromedial surface The Parotid gland:
U-shaped clasping the posterior border of the ramus with masseter laterally and medial pterygoid medially and inferiorly, separated by the stylomandibular ligament from the submandibular salivary gland
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9. Salivary Glands: The Parotid gland: The posteromedial surface
Indented by the mastoid process and its muscles
Lie against the styloid process with its three muscles and two ligaments
The accessory gland
Lies on the masseter between the duct and the zygomatic arch
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10. Salivary Glands: Parotid gland The Parotid duct
Emerge from the convex anterior border of the superficial part and pass anteriorly over the masseter muscle.
At the anterior border of the muscle it turn medial and pierce the buccal pad fat and buccinator muscle, pass for a short distance under the mucous membrane before it opens opposite the upper second molar
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11. Salivary Glands: Facial nerve: Parotid gland
Structures within the gland:
Facial nerve:
enter the gland from the deep surface and emerge from behind the anterior border.
Retromandibular vein:
Deep to the branches of the nerve
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12. Salivary Glands Parotid gland
The capsule:
Derived from the deep cervical fascia which split at the lower pole to encase the gland
The deep layer pass beneath the gland and ie attached to the skull base
Part is inserted to styloid process and angle of mandible is thickened, stylomandibular ligament separating the gland from the submandibular one
The superficial layer pass anterior on the masseter muscle and is attached to the lower border of the zygomatic arch
Tight insertion will lead to sever pain on inflammation and swelling of parotid
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13. Salivary Glands: External carotid artery :
Parotid gland
External carotid artery :
With its two terminal branches it is the deepest structure
Periauricular lymph nodes:
Lies within the gland or under the capsule
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14. Salivary Glands: Parotid gland Blood supply Nerve supply:
External carotid artery and retomandibular vein
Nerve supply:
Secretomotor fibres
from the inferior salivary nucleus to the glossopharyngeal nerve, tympanic branch, tympanic plexus, lesser superficial petrosal to otic ganglion, to the Auriculotemporal nerve
Sympathetic fibres
From the superior cervical plexus
Vasoconstrictor
Sensory fibres
Gland, auriculotemporal
Capsule, greater auricular (C2)
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15. Salivary Glands: Parotid gland
The capsule send septa to the interior of the gland separating it into lobules and making surgical removal difficult.
Submandibular gland is loosely enveloped and can be shelled out easily
Medially, the capsule is closely related to the pharynx and the great vessels in the carotid sheath
Break through by tumour or sharp instrument
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