1. SQL – Entire Select

2. Min MAX SELECT min returns the minimum value for a column.
SELECT max returns the maximum value for a column.
SELECT min(Milliseconds) FROM Track; -- shortest track
SELECT max(Milliseconds) FROM Track; -- longest track

3. Count sum total avg SELECT count returns a count of non-NULL values.
SELECT count(Milliseconds) FROM Track;
SELECT count() FROM Track; -- if you just care about number of rows
SELECT sum returns the sum of the data values (NULL if no non-NULL rows).
SELECT sum(Milliseconds) FROM Track;
SELECT total returns the sum of the data values (0.0 if no non-NULL rows).
SELECT total(Milliseconds) FROM Track;
SELECT avg returns the (arithmetic) average of the data values.
SELECT avg(Milliseconds) FROM Track;

4. distinct SELECT DISTINCT returns only distinct (different) values.
SELECT DISTINCT eliminates duplicate records from the results.
DISTINCT can be used with aggregates: COUNT, AVG, MAX, etc.
DISTINCT operates on a single column. DISTINCT for multiple columns is not supported.
SELECT DISTINCT UnitPrice FROM Track;
SELECT count(DISTINCT Name) FROM Track;

5. Group by The GROUP BY clause groups records into summary rows.
GROUP BY returns one records for each group.
GROUP BY typically also involves aggregates: COUNT, MAX, SUM, AVG, etc.
GROUP BY can group by one or more columns.
SELECT count(), Composer FROM Track GROUP BY Composer;
SELECT total(Milliseconds), Composer, AlbumId FROM Track
GROUP BY Composer, AlbumId;

6. having
HAVING filters records that work on summarized GROUP BY results.
HAVING applies to summarized group records, whereas WHERE applies to individual records.
Only the groups that meet the HAVING criteria will be returned.
HAVING requires that a GROUP BY clause is present.
WHERE and HAVING can be in the same query.
SELECT count(), Composer FROM Track
GROUP BY Composer HAVING count() > 10;

7. Limit Last clause of SELECT statement.
Limits the number of rows to the value (or less).
Often useful with ORDER BY to get extremes.
SELECT Name, Milliseconds FROM Track
ORDER BY Milliseconds DESC LIMIT 10;

8. All the parts of a select query
SELECT column-names
FROM table-name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column-names
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column-names
LIMIT max-rows ;