1. Human Reproductive System

2. Reproductive System
Defined: organs & glands that produce hormones which help make a new human
Puberty = sexual maturity (ability to reproduce)
Controlled by hormones
Hypothalamus & Pituitary glands release 2 major hormones:
FSH LH
Develop sexual characteristics and reproductive system

3. Males vs. Females Differences Similarities Male (XY) 2 compartments
Produce MILLIONS of sperm every day
Female (XX)
One egg, once a month
Similarities
2 compartments
Testes
Ovaries
Start inside body
Testicles drop before birth
Fetus has glands that could become either female or male
Father “determines” gender
Depends on genes
XX: Female
XY: Male

4. Male Anatomy

5. Male Reproductive System
Function:
Produce sperm
Deliver sperm to female egg
Testes
Outside body
If temp is too high, sperm can’t be made
Produces Testosterone
Develops male sex characteristics
Makes sperm
FSH LH
Testosterone

6. Review: Spermatogenesis Defined: Production of sperm cells
spermatogonium
Review:
Spermatogenesis
Meiosis 1
Defined: Production of sperm cells
Location: male testes
Process: Meiosis
Makes final changes to sperm cell
Four haploid sperm cells at a time
23 chromosomes in each
Meiosis 2
Spermatogenesis

7. What is sperm? MYTH: tiny human inside TRUTH:
Matures in the epididymis
Contains Several Parts:
1) Head
Enzymes to get through
egg membrane
23 chromosomes
22 autosomes
1X or 1Y chromosome
2) Mid piece
Mitochondria = Energy
3) Flagellum
To swim through female system

8. Prostate Gland
Function: Produces fluid that nourishes and protects sperm
Sperm + fluid = semen
Prostate Cancer
Most common male cancer
Usually slow growing
Prostate exams help monitor
Treatment: Radiation, Chemotherapy, surgery

9. Fertilization
Defined: Fusion of egg and sperm to create zygote

10. Fertilization Defined: Fusion of egg and sperm to create zygote
Sperm Pathway:
Epididymis  vas deferens  urethra

11. Fertilization Defined: Fusion of egg and sperm to create zygote
Sperm Pathway:
Epididymis  vas deferens  urethra
million sperm released
Only 1 sperm fertilizes egg
Enzymes in acrosome of sperm help penetrate egg
Instant biochemical change (no more sperm can enter)

12. Review
Which hormones stimulate the maturity of the male reproductive system?
Which cellular process produces sperm cells?
Explain the function of the following: pituitary gland, testes, prostate, epididymis, and vas deferens
How does the structure of a sperm cell aid in it’s function?
Describe how an egg is fertilized
Are sperm cells haploid or diploid? A zygote?
How many chromosomes can be found in a human sperm cell? A zygote?