1. From America to the East
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From America to the East
Diseases:
Syphilis is the only significant disease believed to have been transferred from the Americas to Europe

2. From America to the East (cont.)
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From America to the East (cont.)
Animals:
Alpaca, Llama, and turkey
Plants:
Maize, beans, potatoes, manioc, and tobacco
Impact – at least one factor that contributed to rapid growth in 18th century world populations

3. From the East to America
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From the East to America
Diseases:
Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow fever, and pulmonary plague
Impact – cause severe decline in the populations of native peoples in/around Spanish and Portuguese colonies; limit the ability to resist European settlements

4. From the East to America (cont.)
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From the East to America (cont.)
Animals:
Livestock – cattle, pigs, horses, and sheep
Impact – influence on the environment (some livestock destroyed the crops of the Amerindian farmers) and on cultures of the native people of the Americas

5. From the East to America (cont.)
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
From the East to America (cont.)
Plants:
European, Asian, and African food crops were introduced into Americas
Wheat, olives, grapes, and garden vegetables (from Southern Europe)
Rice, bananas, coconuts, breadfruit, and sugar cane (from Asia and Africa)

6. Overall significance of the Exchange
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
Overall significance of the Exchange
The long-term consequences were mixed.
It created enormous increases in food production and human populations,
Destroyed the ecological stability of vast areas, increased erosion of the land, and led to the extinction of many life-forms.