1. Determining Ethnicity skull

2. Definitions Nasal index – the ratio W/L (opening)
Nasal spine – located at the base of the nasal cavity
Nasal silling or guttering – on the base of the nasal cavity; there will be sharp ridges (nasal silling), rounded ridges or no ridges (nasal guttering)
Prognathism – extended jaw

3. Caucasian Nasal Index
Longer and more narrow

4. Negroid Nasal Index
Shorter and wider

5. Mongoloid Nasal Index
Moderate; variable

6. Nasal Spines Caucasian African Asian
Caucasian – usually prominent spine
African – usually small spine
Asian – usually somewhat prominent spine

7. Nasal Silling and Guttering
Caucasian
African
Asian
Caucasian – silling (sharp ridges)
African – guttering (smooth at base)
Asian – rounded edges

8. Prognathism Caucasian African Asian Caucasian – straight
African – prognathic
Asian – varies

9. Eye Orbital Shape Caucasian (top left) – round; somewhat square
Negroid (bottom left) – rectangular or square
Mongoloid (top right) – rounded; somewhat circular

10. Overall Skull Shape Negroid – shorter and wider
Mongoloid– shorter and broad
Caucasian – longer and more narrow