1. Routing protocol in all three types of networks - Phase 1
Dest.
Next hop B II
III
Routing tables II
Routing protocol
III
Host B
Host A I V IV
Routing protocols exchange topology/loading/reachability information
Routes to destinations are precomputed and stored in routing tables

2. Signaling protocol for NL connection setup in a CO network - Phase 2
Port /Label
OUT
Port/Label
d/L1
b/L3 II
Connection setup (B) a b c d c a b
Connection setup
Host A I
Connection setup
III
Connection
setup IN
Port /Label
OUT
Port/Label
a/L1
c/L2
Host B a b c d
Virtual circuit V IV IN
Port /Label
OUT
Port/Label
a/L2
c/L1
Connection setup consists of each switch on the path
Route lookup for next hop node to reach destination
CAC (Connection Admission Control) for buffer and BW
Writing the input/output label mapping tables and programming the scheduler (PS CO); or writing the timeslot/l mapping table for CS CO networks

3. User-plane packet forwarding in a PS CO network - Phase 3II L3 b a a L1
Host A I
III L1 c b
Host B b c d c L2 V IV a d
Labels are VPI/VCIs in ATM
Labels are translated from link-to-link