1. Organic Compounds

2. Organic Compounds Contain carbon Most are covalently bonded
Ex: C6H12O6 (glucose)

3. Carbohydrates Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Sugars and starches
Classified by size
Monosaccharides- simple sugars
Disaccharides- two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis
Polysaccharides- long chains of simple sugars
Ratio of C:H:O is 1:2:1

4. Carbohydrates

5. Lipids Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Insoluble in water
C and H outnumber O
Insoluble in water
Common lipids in the human body
Neutral fats (triglycerides)
Found in fat deposits
Source of stored energy
Phospholipids
Form cell membranes
Steroids
Cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, some hormones

6. Lipids

7. Proteins Made of amino acids Over ½ of body’s organic matter
C, O, H, N, and sometimes sulfur
Over ½ of body’s organic matter
Provides construction materials for body tissues
Vital role in cell function
Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

8. Enzymes
Biological catalysts
Increase rate of chemical reactions

9. Nucleic Acids Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases
A = Adenine
G = Guanine
C = Cytosine
T = Thymine (DNA only)
U = Uracil (RNA only)
Make DNA and RNA

10. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Complimentary bases form double helix
Replicates before cell division
Instruction for every protein in the body

11. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Chemical energy used by all cells
Energy released by breaking high energy phosphate bond
Replenished by oxidation of food fuels