1. 1. Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
1. Living layer
2. Selectively permeable
a. Controls the movement of material into and out of the cell

2. 2. Cell Wall Cell wall (Plant Cell) A. Dead layer
B. Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria
C. Freely permeable
D. Large empty spaces between cellulose fibers
E. Protects and supports

3. 3. Nucleus - The Control Organelle
A. Controls the normal activities of the cell
B. Contains the DNA in chromosomes
C. Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

4. 4. Nuclear Envelope Nucleus
Nuclear envelope: outer boundary of nucleus, consists of double membrane containing pores
i. Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

5. 5. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane
A. Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
B. Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs
C. Found in ALL cells

6. 6. Ribosomes
A. Tiny particles floating freely in cytoplasm or attached to ER
B. NOT membrane-bound
C. Made of protein and RNA molecules
D. Where protein synthesis occurs
E. Bacteria cell = 1000’s
F. Human liver cell = millions

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER
1. Folded system containing a network of hollow membrane tubules
2. Provide a large surface area for chemical reactions
3. Purpose: serves as a transport system for materials inside the cell
4. Two types: Smooth E.R. & Rough E.R.

8. 7. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface
2. Is attached to the ends of rough ER
3. Makes proteins USED in the cell, also involved in carbohydrate and lipid synthesis

9. 8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
1. Has ribosomes on its surface
2. Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell
3. Continuous with the nuclear envelope

10. 9. Golgi Bodies 1. Stacks of flattened sacs
2. Have a shipping side (trans face) and receiving side (cis face)
3. Receive proteins made by ER
4. Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends
CIS
TRANS
Transport vesicle

11. 10. Lysosomes 1. Contain digestive enzymes
2. Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells
3. Programmed for cell death (AUTOLYSIS)
4. Lyse (break open) & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

12. 11. Vacuole
Vacuole
A. Temporary storage (sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes & pigments)
B. Plants have a large central vacuole
C. Animals have a small or absent vacuole

13. 12. Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria)
A. “Powerhouse” of the cell
B. Generate cellular energy (ATP)
C. More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria
D. Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning sugar to produce energy (ATP) )

14. 13. Chloroplast (Plant cells)
A. Contain the green pigment chlorophyll
B. Traps in sunlight to make sugar (food)
C. Process is called photosynthesis

15. 14. Cilia Movement in unicellular organisms Occur in large numbers
Cells in a part of a tissue layer use cilia to move fluid over the surface.
Example: Lining of windpipe

16. 15. Flagella Movement in unicellular organisms
Generally longer than cilia and limited to one or a few per cell
3. Example: Sperm and algae