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Unit B Taxonomy Part 2.

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Presentation on theme: "Unit B Taxonomy Part 2."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit B Taxonomy Part 2

2 Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

3 ARCHAEA Probably the 1st cells to evolve Live in HARSH environments
Found in: Sewage Treatment Plants Thermal or Volcanic Vents Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake)

4 ARCHAEAN

5 EUBACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE
Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

6 Live in the intestines of animals

7 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals) Have membranous organelles in their cells

8 Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Aquatic

9 Fungi Multicellular, except yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin

10 Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic
Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death.

11 Animalia Multicellular
Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals

12 copyright cmassengale

13 Taxons Most genera contain a number of similar species
The genus Homo is an exception (only contains modern humans) Classification is based on evolutionary relationships

14 copyright cmassengale

15 Basis for Modern Taxonomy
Homologous structures (same structure, different function) Similar embryo development Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins Evolutionary relationship (biological distance)

16 Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows Similarities in mammals.

17 Similarities in Embryos

18 Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

19 Primate Cladogram

20 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

21 Example of Dichotomous Key
1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5

22 copyright cmassengale
B2 concept check-up questions 1. What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? 2. Determine the correct kingdom for each of the following organisms and use the criteria for each kingdom to explain your choice each time: a. Mushroom c. sea star b. Sunflower d. amoeba copyright cmassengale

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