1. Chapter 8

2. Battle of Fort Ticonderoga
May 10, 1775
Controlled by 22 British soldiers
Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold walked into the fort and took over
Took over ammunition and gun powder
Huge boost in belief that patriots could win

3. II. The Battle of Bunker Hill
1st major battle of American Revolution
b. Massachusetts, June 1775
c. British General William Howe defeated American troops.
d. General Howe declared anyone helping the patriots would be considered a traitor!
e. American troops lost the battle due to lack of ammunition

4. III. Common Sense
"These are the times that try men's souls."
a. Written by Thomas Paine in
b. Inspired colonists to stick with their fight for independence from British rule

6. Congress declares Independence
Declaration of Independence- written by Thomas Jefferson
July 4th, 1776 Congress approved Declaration of Independence
Sent to King George III

7. Battle of Long Island
July 1776
British General Howe wanted
to use New York as a military base
c. General Washington also wanted to control New York
d. British had more soldiers so Washington had to retreat from Long Island to fight another day

8. First submarine attack
New York Harbor
September 1776
b. The “Turtle” was invented by David Bushnell
c. Targeted British HMS Eagle flagship
d. Was supposed to place gunpowder on British ship but failed

9. Battle of Trenton
December 26, 1776
General Washington crossed the Delaware River in a surprise attack on a British fort at Trenton, New Jersey
Hessian soldiers (German soldiers hired by England) surrendered the fort

10. VIII. America has a flag
a. June 1777
b. Sewed by Betsy Ross to boost the moral of Washington’s soldiers
c. Washington felt that if the soldiers could “see” what their freedom would look like they would continue to fight

12. IX. Battle of Saratoga
October 1777
British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender at Saratoga
“Turning point” in war as a result of Burgoyne’s defeat, France decided to support American soldiers with money, supplies and ammunition to win the war

14. X. Battle of Yorktown
a Virginia
French and Americans join together to defeat British General Lord Cornwallis
British realize defeat and retreat

15. XI. Treaty of Paris
September 3, 1783
Ben Franklin, and John Adams went to sign agreement with King George III to end the American Revolutionary War

16. Key Players in the War Patriots Loyalist Neutralist
freedom from British control.
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Paine.
40 to 45 percent of the white population
“Whigs”
not in favor of War
About 15 to 20 percent of population
“Tories” or “Royalist”
Avoided taking sides
About 50% of population
Pacifism, Lack of Understanding or status as immigrant were all factors
Apathetic to the idea of war.
About 50 of the white population
For whatever reason, be it pacifism, lack of understanding, or because they were newly immigrated, these people avoided taking sides

17. Minorities Native Americans African Americans Women
Torn on which side would support their cause
Many joined British
Viewed as “Savage” villains by patriots
African Americans
Hope of freedom
British offered escaped slaves emancipation
Continental Army promised freedom
Still, freedom was more a hope than a reality
Hypocrisy
Women
Took on roles abandon by men
Often became impoverished
Flocked to army camps
Most Native American tribes east of the Mississippi were uncertain about which side, if either, to take during the Revolutionary War, and many remained neutral. A number of tribes, however, feared the Revolution would replace the British--who had worked hard to protect their lands from colonial encroachments--with the land-hungry colonials. As a result, these tribes fought with the British or took advantage of the situation and acted against the colonists on their own. Patriots viewed the Indians as a threat throughout the war. The patriots' use of the term savages for the Native Americans gives a good indication of their overall attitude toward most tribes.
For some African Americans, the Revolution meant freedom. Because so much of the fighting in the last years of the war took place in the South, many slaves escaped to British lines. The British, hoping to weaken the American war effort, emancipated and evacuated thousands of ex-slaves. A few African Americans also won their freedom by fighting in the Continental Army despite the prejudices of patriot leaders. (This attitude changed somewhat during the course of the war.) For the vast majority of African Americans, however, the liberties touted by the American Revolution remained more promise than reality.
Women's lives were also profoundly affected by the Revolutionary War. Women whose husbands and other male relatives went to war had to assume many of their responsibilities, whether it be the farm or small business. Since Continental Army soldiers were typically drawn from the lower ranks of society, many women did not have farms and businesses to fall back on. Cities throughout the United States witnessed growing populations of impoverished women. Many women did not stay at home when their husbands went off to war. These women flocked to the army camps to join male relatives. There they helped maintain army morale while doing traditional women's chores--cooking, laundry, nursing, and so forth.
J A M E S _ A R M I S T E A D
P a t r i o t _ S p y
Author Unknown. Retrieved from

18. Life for Loyalist Men often tarred & feathered, beaten, or killed
If they joined militia, property and possessions were confiscated
Women and children impoverished and homeless
20% forced to flee
Original Author unknown Retrieved from

19. Life of the New American
New American identity
Nation-building
Articles of Confederation
13 colonies to 13 States of the United States
Nation in debt