1. Bacteria and Virus

2. Bacteria
Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet. They are called a PROKARYOTE CELL because they have NO nucleus. They also have an ENDOSPORE which is a hard coating that surrounds their cell. They are also the most abundant. A single gram of soil can hold 2.5 billion bacteria.
If bacteria cannot be seen, how do people know they exist?
Bacteria cause sores to be infected and food to spoil.

3. Bacteria
Most bacteria reproduce through binary fission every thirty (30) minutes.
How many bacteria would there be in an hour? Two hours? Three hours? Four hours? Five hours?
1 hour = 4
2 hours = 16
3 hours = 64
4 hours = 256
5 hours = 1024

4. Bacteria Binary Fission
THE CELL GROWS
DNA REPLICATES AND
ATTACHES TO THE MEMBRANE
DNA AND ITS COPY
START TO SEPARATE
THE CELL SPLITS INTO TWO

5. 3. Cocci – spherical (round) shaped
Bacteria
Three basic shapes:
Bacilli – rod shaped 2. Spirilla – spiral shaped
3. Cocci – spherical (round) shaped

6. Bacteria
No matter how long we clean or what cleaners we choose to use (bleach, pasteurization), bacteria continue to live and reproduce and are found everywhere…. Check this out…

7. Despite making us sick, bacteria play a vital role in our world today.
Bacteria as a Tool
Role
Despite making us sick, bacteria play a vital role in our world today.
Consume nitrogen in the air and give the material to plants to grow.
Decompose dead matter (leaves, plants, animals) and create nutrients for living organisms.
Used to clean up pollution – bioremediation.
Used in medicine to kill other bacteria and microorganisms – antibiotic
Used to create insulin to help fight diabetes
Used to make food: bread, pickles, yogurt, etc.
Bacteria in our large intestine creates Vitamin K
Some animals use bacteria to hunt prey or other food items and scientists believe the bacteria helps to begin the process of digestion.

8. Bacteria in the saliva – causes infection
Bacteria as a Tool
Komodo Dragon
Bacteria in the saliva – causes infection

9. Bacteria/venom in the saliva – causes infection
Bacteria as a Tool
Gila Monster
Bacteria/venom in the saliva – causes infection

10. Bacteria as a Tool
Monitor Lizard

11. Bacteria as a Tool
Iguana

12. Bacteria as a Tool
Bioremediation

13. Antibiotic – a bacteria that kills other bacteria
Bacteria as a Tool
Antibiotic – a bacteria that kills other bacteria

14. Penicillin
A mold that fights/kills bacteria

15. Bacteria
Some Diseases/Conditions Caused by Bacteria Include: *Cavities *Food poisoning *Strep Throat *Botulism *Pneumonia *Leaf Spot

16. Bacteria
Leaf Spot

17. Bacteria
Botulism (contaminated food)

18. Which has MORE bacteria cooked rare (dark red and cold in the middle)?
Hamburger – because the bacteria gets ground inside the burger, but the steak has bacteria ONLY on the surface…

19. Bacteria
Diseases
Lyme Disease - tick
Bubonic Plague - flea

20. What are the characteristics of living things?
Virus
What are the characteristics of living things?
Grow and reproduce
Get energy
Respond to change
Get rid of waste
Is a virus living?
NO – it can reproduce and can adapt only

21. Virus *5, 000, 000, 000 (billion) can fit in a single drop of blood.
*Because of their size and ability to mutate, scientists do not know how many viruses exist – this number could be in the billions or higher.
*Unlike bacteria, there is no cure for a virus.
*For a virus to “live” it needs a host cell.
*If you enlarged a virus 600, 000 times, it would be as large as a small pea.
If we enlarged a 6’ person 600, 000 times how tall would that person be?
3, 600, 000 feet

22. genetic material enclosed by protein
Virus
Basic Shapes
No matter the shape,
the virus is basically
genetic material enclosed by protein
Spacecraft
Sphere
Cylinder
Crystal

23. Virus
Common Viral Diseases
Influenza (flu) Aids Cold
Hepatitis

24. What does a virus look like?

25. Virus
Reproduction
- A virus reproduces only when a healthy host cell is present…the procedure is grizzly because the cell bursts and dies.

26. How PATHOGENS (what causes disease) can be spread
Bacteria and Virus
How PATHOGENS (what causes disease) can be spread
*Touch
*Air
*Food/water
*Unclean areas
*Blood to blood contact
*You CANNOT catch a cold
by simply being cold…there
needs to be contact.

27. Bacteria and Virus How to stay healthy… Cover your mouth when
you sneeze or cough
2. Wash your food before cooking
3. Wash your hands thoroughly
4. Prepare your food carefully
5. See the doctor regularly

28. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
*A disease that is spread through blood to blood contact – you have to go out and get it…it is not spread through casual contact (kissing, holding hands, being sneezed or coughed on UNLESS blood to blood contact is involved)
*Caused by the HIV virus which destroys the white blood cells that control the cells that destroy pathogens.
~ Thus, someone with AIDS will pass away by contracting pneumonia or influenza because the white blood cells designed to kill the pathogen are not being told to do so…