1. Geology of the Yorkshire Dales
Part 2: Mid-Late Carboniferous

2. Yoredale Cycles (mid-Carb.)
Cyclic changes in sediment types
1. Limestone
4. Mudstone / coal
3. Sandstone
2. Shales
From Tucker et al. (2009)

3. Cyclic variations
Yoredale successions change geographically

4. Life Cycles Fossils change with sediment types 1. Reef animals
4. Plants
3. Trace fossils
2. Goniatites
From Tucker et al. (2009)

5. Yoredale limestone fossils
Coral colonies
Siphonodendron

6. Limestone fossils
Crinoids

7. Limestone fossils
Big brachiopods
Gigantoproductus

8. Limestone fossils Sharks of Leyburn!
Numerous teeth and spines found by Wm Horne
Sphenacanthus reconstructed

9. Carboniferous palaeogeography, © Chris Scotese
Equatorial Yorkshire
Climate and sea-level change in a glaciated world
Carboniferous palaeogeography, © Chris Scotese

10. Yoredale sandstones + siltstones
Trace fossils
Parataenidium moniliformis

11. Late Carboniferous Sandstones and coal 3. Pennine Coal Measures Group
2. Millstone Grit Group
1. Yoredale / Craven groups

12. Fluvial sandstones, Brimham Rocks
Millstone Grit
Fluvial sandstones, Brimham Rocks

13. Millstone Grit
Enormous rivers eroding enormous mountains

14. High energy, abrasive rivers = low preservation
No fossils (again!)
High energy, abrasive rivers = low preservation

15. Pennine Coal Measures Truly 'Carboniferous'
A few small outcrops around Dales

16. Common Carboniferous plants
Calamites - horsetail
Lepidodendron
Giant club moss

17. Cycles again Mostly fluvial, deltaic or swampy
But 13 marine incursions recorded in Yorkshire

18. Variscan

19. Minerals & Mining Galena – lead ore Veins in fractures and
faults, esp. in Swaledale