1. Biodiversity:
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Echinodermata
BIO 40S

2. Phylum Echinodermata Characteristics All saltwater aquatic organisms
Endoskeleton of spiny plates
Many have radial symmetry
Larval stage often bilaterally symmetrical
Very diverse group
Sea cucumbers-class Holothuroidea
Sea stars- class Asteroidea

3. 5-rayed body with mouth on underside and anus on upper side
Digestive glands and gonads found on all branched arms.
No brain but contains central nerve ring that branches off to each arm.
Contains madreporite to allow water movement in and out of starfish

4. Phylum Chordata 4 distinct characteristics found in phylum chordata
Notocord-dorsal rod for support
In vertebrates it is replaced by the spinal column
Dorsal tubular nerve cord
In vertebrates it is protected by the spinal column
Pharyngeal pouches
Become gills in invertebrate chordates, fishes, and some amphibian larvae
Humans-auditory tubes, tonsils, thymus and parathyroid glands
Post-anal tail
Our tail bone (coccyx)

5. In the Womb…

6. Phylum Chordata Fish Birds Mammals (Humans) Amphibians Reptiles
Phylum Chordata includes:
Fish
Birds
Mammals (Humans)
Amphibians
Reptiles

7. Evolutionary tree of chordates