1. Faults
Fault Line

2. Definition:
Faults are: The surface along which rocks move when they pass their “elastic limit” and break causing an Earthquake.
Fault Video

3. Strike Slip Simulation
Strike-Slip Fault
Strike Slip Simulation
Shear forces push on rock in opposite horizontal directions.
Def: Rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much up or down motion.

4. Normal Fault
Normal Fault Simulation
Tension forces inside earth cause rock to be pulled apart.
Def: Rock above the fault moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface.

5. Reverse Fault Reverse Simulation
Compression forces inside the Earth squeeze rock together.
Def: Rock above the fault moves up in relation to the rock below the fault.

6. Liquefaction in the News
When an earthquake shakes wet soil causing the earth to behave more like a liquid than a solid.

7. Richter (Rick-tur) Scale “Category” is to hurricane as “magnitude” is to earthquake.
Measures the energy released by an earthquake. Ranges from 1 to 9.6.
Magnitude
Earthquake Effects
1-3
Not felt; recorded on local seismographs
3-4
Felt by people; no damage. 5
Felt by most people; slight damage near epicenter. 6
Damage caused to poorly constructed buildings. 7
Causes major damage to structures up to 100 km from the epicenter. 8
Very destructive; may cause loss of life over a distance of several 100 km. 9
Very rare; major damage to areas as much as 1000 km away.

8. What about the “Mercalli” Scale? Measured by the amount of damage .

9. Let’s play… Name that Fault!

10. Normal

11. Reverse

12. Reverse

13. Strike-slip

14. Normal

15. Strike-Slip