1. Elements of 3D Seismology: Introduction to Interpretation
12/2/2018
Elements of 3D Seismology: Introduction to Interpretation
Christopher L. Liner
University of Tulsa
November 2003

2. Synthetic Seismogram
Assume: Zero offset, zero dip, and v(z)

3. Synthetic Seismogram Travel times Layer thickness and velocity
Reflection coefficients
Velocity and density

4. Synthetic Seismogram R0 is important Reflection coefficient
Normal incidence (zero offset)
Values [-1,+1]
Commonly [-.3,.3]
I = acoustic impedance
Rock property influences
Mineralogy
Porosity
Pore fluid
Seismic peak amplitude ~ R0

5. Synthetic Seismogram
Wavelet

6. Synthetic Seismogram
Wavelet

10. Synthetic Seismogram Is peak amplitude ~ R0 …. ?
Modeling can supply the answer.

12. Field data stack (F) Resistivity log Stack of Z.O. synthetic
Lindsay and Koughnet, 2001, TLE
Field data stack
Stack of Z.O. synthetic
Detail of B
Gamma log
AVO synthetic
(F) Resistivity log
(G) Bulk density log
(H) P-wave sonic
(I) S-wave sonic
(J) Vp/Vs ratio

13. Tuning

14. Tuning

15. Vertical Resolution

16. Vertical Resolution

17. Tuning and Resolution Tuning and resolution thickness are equal
Wavelength/4 = v/(4 f)
v is interval velocity of the thin bed
f is dominant, or average, frequency
About Hz
Subresolution thickness mapping
Difficult because top/base events commingle
Tools
Tuning curves, spectral decomposition,+