1. Chapter 17.3
Temperature Controls

2. A temperature control is anything that causes temperature to vary from place to place and from time to time.
A major reason for temperature variation is how the sun’s rays hit the Earth. This makes warmer temperatures in the tropics and colder temperatures toward the poles.
There are factors other than latitude that play a role of temperature variation – heating of land and water, geographic position, cloud cover, and ocean currents are all important.
Why Temperatures Vary

3. Different land surfaces absorb different amount of solar energy
Different land surfaces absorb different amount of solar energy. Land and water drastically absorb solar energy differently.
Land heat more quickly and to higher temperatures than water. Land will also cool more quickly and to lower temperatures than water.
Land closer to water will have less temperature extremes than land not close to large bodies of water.
Land and Water

4. Example: a coastal location that has very strong prevailing winds blowing from the ocean to the shore will have less temperature variation than a coastal location that has strong prevailing winds that blow from the shore to the ocean.
Another important geographic feature is mountains. Mountains act as barriers. It can cut off an area from the moderating influence of the ocean.
Geographic Position

5. The higher the altitude the cooler the place
The higher the altitude the cooler the place. 2 areas that have the same latitude but different altitudes will have different temperature variation.
Altitude

6. Temperature Cover and Albedo
Albedo is the amount of total radiation reflected by a surface. Clouds have a high albedo, so they reflect a large amount of sunlight that hits them.
Clouds will reduce temperatures because they reduce the amount of sunlight an area gets.
At night clouds have the opposite effect – they will act like a blanket by reflecting heat back to Earth.
Ultimately clouds will reduce the daily temperature range.
Temperature Cover and Albedo

7. World Distribution of Temperature
Isotherms are lines that connect points that have the same temperatures on a map. This type of map will not show altitude differences.
These maps will show temperature trends and how the different ideas discussed in this chapter influence temperature.
World Distribution of Temperature