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Informatics 121 Software Design I
Lecture 6 André van der Hoek & Alex Baker Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the explicit written permission of the professor is prohibited. December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Today’s Lecture Recap assignment 3 Design theory Assignment 4 December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
What Was Your Process? How did you move from your three designs to this one? Did you produce additional designs? What representations did you use? What made this design “good”? Which stakeholders did you find yourself prioritizing? Are there any you underserved, even if out of necessity? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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What Was The Biggest Debate Your Group Had?
What was the tradeoff at the heart of it? How did you resolve it? Why did you end up with the answer you did? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Which Design (Other Than Yours) Was The Best?
Why? Which feature do you want to steal for your design? Would incorporating that feature upset the balance of goals, uses, and tradeoffs underlying your current design? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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What Made One Design Better Than Another?
What made an idea good? What is an example of something that you or someone else suggested that you later decided was not a good idea? what made it problematic? how did you realize that? The answer will be, in short, that you used outcome approximations and found them wanting in terms of the kinds of outcomes you assumed your stakeholders wanted December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Designs, Stakeholders, Outcomes
Was it useful to over(t)ly consider the stakeholders, goals and uses beforehand? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
The Heart of the Design Problem: Infinities, Wickedness, and Satisficing Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Product-Use-Experience Cycle
Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Recall: Tips for Assignment 3
Ask yourself… …do you have at least one alternative design that satisfactorily addresses each of the goals and uses of the various stakeholders? …what methods are you using that we identified in class? …what tradeoffs are you making to address conflicts? …do you have a complete and precise vision for the product? …do you have a clear understanding of what users’ perceptions will be of this product? …can you identify the mismatches in stakeholders’ expectations and what your envisioned product will provide? … Basically, are you engaging with the design process consciously and purposefully? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Product-Use-Experience Cycle
Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Predicting The Product-Use-Experience Cycle
Mental simulation Applying knowledge Creating approximations December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Mental Simulation You, yourself, and your brain… When did you do this in the bridge building exercise? How about in this assignment? What were the limitations of this? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Applying Knowledge When did you do this in the bridge building exercise? How about in this assignment? What were the limitations of this? December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Applying Knowledge General principles can be applied to many problems but do not provide specific insights physics, aesthetics, ergonomics Previous examples very precise advice can it be applied to your problem? how visible is the underlying design? Design Patterns map between problem and solution can be specific or general architecture, product design, software That last bullet is a hint of the role of software December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Creating Approximations
December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Creating Approximations
Many different approximations can be created… sketches models mock-ups formal models internal prototypes computer simulations walkthroughs videos …but keep in mind they need to be tested in some form! running the simulation cognitive walkthroughs focus groups user trials December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Which Approximation Do You Want to Use?
What questions are you trying to answer about a potential design? Is the approximation “high fidelity”? does it need to be? How easily can you create and reflect on the design? How easily can others interpret and provide feedback on the design? Maybe make a quick allusion to the reflective conversation / reflection in action on that last one December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Predicting The Product-Use-Experience Cycle
Often you will need to use all three in parallel mental simulation applying knowledge creating approximations If you do not know something, go learn about it! December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
The Heart of the Design Problem: Infinities, Wickedness, and Satisficing Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Creative Production Cycle
Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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John Chris Jones: Design Methods
Divergence Transformation Convergence Its easy just to start with the first idea that comes into mind, and to work from there, but that’s not good design. Its useful to generate a space of ideas, to shape that into a notion of a space of solutions and solution variations, and to go from there onto a single solution, like the one you presented today. December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Divergence Brainstorm Structured derivations Steal Underneath all three are mental simulation, applying knowledge, and creating approximations December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Transformation Combine and recombine Analyze tradeoffs mentally decision models … Reanalyze and reframe the problem as needed Know the hard and the soft constraints, the hard and the soft decisions Focus on addressing the essence of the problem first Underneath all three are mental simulation, applying knowledge, and creating approximations December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Convergence Refine into the final design product at this point, the essential shape of the solution should have been decided upon Complete the design Increase its level of detail Continue to analyze tradeoffs Continue to examine the constraints Document all of the design decisions Document how each stakeholders goals and uses are met, and not met, and why December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Design Cycle Final Design lead to leads to Alternative Designs Product produce generate envision Designers have goals and anticipated uses for experienced by Stakeholders Users identify anticipate predict Experiences may or may not match expectations of leads to December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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Why Do We Make This So Explicit?
Expert designers can do a lot of the entire cycle through mental simulation… design as a reflective conversation with the situation …but you need practice, and have to engage more explicitly in this process. December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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© 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
Assignment 4 Read “The Design Process Disintegrated” by John Chris Jones and read “Design as a Reflective Conversation with the Situation” by Donald Schön available on the class web site Provide a 1 page summary of each with what you consider are the major lessons to learn from this text and how these lessons relate to the various design exercises we performed in class Tuesday December 2, 2018 – 13:51:12 © 2009 University of California, Irvine – André van der Hoek
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