1. Precision era

2. ‘Standard’ scenario: Parameters: Presently unknown:
Three mixing angles: 23, 12, 13
CP phase: 
Mass differences: m223, m212
Presently unknown:
Sign of m223 – discovery
Precision determination of 13
Search for non-zero  – discovery
Basis of future
precision-
measurement
programme

3. The case for PRECISION:
Seek to over-constrain standard scenario:
Establish standard scenario
Show that it is insufficient
Requires precision measurements:
Quark mixing angles known to better than 1°
Sets scale for desired neutrino mixing precision
Additional motivation:
Models connect quark and lepton mixings
(Romanino)
To test, require to match quark-mixing angle precision

4. Options: BNL-VLBL: Super-beams: Beta-beams Neutrino Factory
Conventional, high-energy, wide-band beam
Very long baseline: ~2500 km
Super-beams:
‘Conventional’ off-axis beams from high-power source
SPL  Frejus
T2K II, T2K  Korea
Super-NOA
Beta-beams
Beta decay: CERN & FNAL
Electron capture – a new idea
Neutrino Factory
Emphasis on progress since NuFact04

5. Pyhasalmi, Finland and magic BL
Around 7500 km for high-energy NF CP violating effect is small
‘Magic base line’
Pyhasalmi possible deep underground lab
Peltonmiemi (OULU)
~MB to:
CERN,
KEK,
FNAL

6. BNL-VLBL Viren (BNL) Upgraded AGS at 28 GeV Assume UNO: 500 kTon
Replace booster with 1.2 GeV SC linac
Assume UNO: 500 kTon
Running assumptions:
: 1 MW, 5 yrs
: 2 MW, 5 yrs
Performance updated:
Example only 

7. BNL-VLBL: performance
Viren (BNL)

8. BNL-VLBL: sensitivity
Viren (BNL)
~210-3

9. Super-beams: SPL-Frejus
Campagne
(LAL-Orsay)
TRE
CERN SPL
LSM-Fréjus
Near detector
130km
New optimisation: 4 MW;
Energy: 2.2, 3.5 GeV
Particle production
440 kTon
Horn/target
Decay tunnel

10. SPL-Frejus: fluxes
Campagne (LAL-Orsay)

11. SPL-Frejus: performance
Campagne
CP 3s
2yrs (+)
8yrs (-)
preliminary
Old Opti.
New Opti.
2yrs (+)
8yrs (-)
310-4
T2K10, 5 yrs

12. Super-NOA FNAL programme in various plenary talks
Winter (IAS Princeton)
FNAL programme in various plenary talks
So focus on a subset of sensitivity plots
PD study report:
810 km

13. Supa-NOA: opportunity
Winter
NOA
Supa-NOA
window

14. Supa-NOA: sensitivity
Winter

15. Beta-beam: Concept: (see Lindroos, Volpe plenary talks)
Store 18Ne, 6He to produce pure e and e beams
Development of #1: Lindroos (CERN)

16. Beta-beam: trend curves
Lindroos
Sensitivity depends on 
Version 2
Design
goal
Input to optimisation 

17. Beta-beam at FNAL
Winter (IAS Princeton)

18. Beta-beam: analysis Scenario: CERN  Frejus (=100:100)
Mezzetto (Padova)
Scenario: CERN  Frejus (=100:100)
Improvements in simulation and analysis:
Muon identification:
Muon electron separation using SK inspired likelihood
Apply tighter cut than SK to insure low background
Require to observe e- or e+ from muon decay
Result: electron contamination at 10-5 level
Energy smearing:
Apply Fermi motion smearing, unfold using matrix
Other backgrounds:
Neutral-current pions:
Tight cuts described – strong suppression
Atmospheric neutrinos:
Duty factor: assume 10 ns bunches

19. Beta-beam: sensitivity
Mezzetto
210-4
110-4

20. Beta-beam: sensitivity
Mezzetto
Dialogue:
Physics/Machine
Options to improve performance
EURISOL/BENE

21. Beta-beam: optimisation
Couce (Valencia)
Beta-beam: optimisation
Reference Setups
Setup 0
Setup I
Setup II
Setup III
Original
Frejus
Optimal Frejus
Optimal
SPS
Optimal
β-beam
=60/100
L=130 km
 = 120
L=130 km
 = 150
L=300 km
 = 350
L=730 km

22. Beta-beam: optimisation
Couce (Valencia)
Beta-beam: optimisation
Analysis:
10 year exposure, 440 kTon water Cherenkov
Use energy dependence
Cuts: background rejection
End point of energy spectrum
Minimum energy deposit
Event must ‘point’ at source
Systematic errors:
Fiducial mass 5%
Cross sections 1%
Reconstructed energy ‘migration’:
Matrix unfolding technique employed

23. Beta-beam: optimisation
Couce (Valencia)
Beta-beam: optimisation

24. Electron-capture beta-beam
Concept: J. Burguet-Castell (Valencia) J. Sato (TUM)
N + e- N´ +  … two body decay
Most favourable isotope?
150Dy: half-life = 7.2 mins; E = 1.4 MeV; BR ~100%
Energy spectrum:
Removes migrations between energy bins
Powerful in combination with beta-beam

25. Electron-capture beta-beam

26. Neutrino Factory sensitivity
Huber (Wisconsin)

27. Neutrino Factory sensitivity
Huber

28. Comparison:
Huber

29. Discussion: evolution of sin2213
Mezzetto

30. Discussion: evolution of sin2213
Many options
Even more ‘routes’ to high-precision and high-sensitivity

31. Discussion: desirable timescale
Super-beam
Neutrino Factory
Beta-beam
Concept development
(design studies) leading to consensus
programme
Build
Next generation facility
Era of precision and sensitivity

32. Goals for NuFact06 Significant progress on phenomenology (& tools):
Nuance, GLoBES – enable like-for-like comparisons
Significant progress in definition of facilities
Super-beam, beta-beam and Neutrino Factory
Need to bring out detector R&D activity
Need to raise profile of detector-specific NF
Perhaps deserves dedicated parallel session?
Discussion: development of next generation facility:
In context of scoping study
Critical, like-for-like, comparison of facilities. Including consideration of staged build of source/detector.
Development of detector options
Crucial to develop R&D plan