1. UNIT 3 NOTES: Hematopoiesis & Hemostasis

2. (1) Hematopoiesis Blood Cell Formation Occurs in Red Bone Marrow
NOW LOOK AT DIAGRAM…

4. (2) Red Blood Cell Development
Synthesize hemoglobin during development
Increase in hemoglobin  Eject Organelles
Results in Biconcave Shape
RBC’s have no nucleus

6. (3) RBC Production
Erythropoeitin: Protein which controls rate of RBC production.
Circulates in blood
Targets bone marrow
Produced in liver + kidney
Triggers production of RBC’s
Stimulus for Erythro. Release:
Change in RBC count
Change in Oxygen availability
Change in demand for Oxygen

8. (4) Hemostasis (Blood Clotting)
Stimulus: Injury to blood vessel.
Phases:
Vascular Phase
Platelet Phase
Coagulation Phase

9. (5) Vascular Phase
Blood vessel cut / damaged  Serotonin released from ruptured cells
Smooth muscle of vessel spasms
Spasm  Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction  stops/slows blood flow
At best, temporary constriction of serious damage may last 30 minutes!

11. (6) Platelet Phase
Damaged vessel cells release Von Willebrand’s Factor.
Platelets in flowing blood stick to V.W.F. (Called Platelet Adhesion)
Bound platelets also release Thromboxane  continues to constrict vessel!
Bound platelets release Thromboplastin  Coagulation Phase Triggered!

13. (7) Coagulation Phase Begins 30 seconds – minutes after Platelet Phase
Triggers final clotting phase
2 Routes before clot formed:
Extrinsic Response
Intrinsic Response

15. (8) Extrinsic Response Begins within 15 seconds of damage.
Released Thromboplastin binds with free-floating Calcium & PF3 Phospholipid.
“TCP” Complex = Proconvertin Enzyme
Proconvertin binds with Stuart Prower Enzyme  Prothrombin
Ex.Response: - Triggers immediate clot - Small clots

17. (9) Intrinsic Response
Released Thromboplastin binds with Calcium and Anti-hemolytic cofactor.
“TCAh” = Prothrombin
In.Response: - Begins clot within 5-10 minutes - Large clots - Forms larger quantities of Prothrombin

19. (10) Final Clotting
Prothrombin converted to Thrombin using Proaccererin Cofactor.
Thrombin binds with Fibrinogen in blood  Fibrin.
Fibrin forms mesh net that traps blood cells [THE CLOT].

20. (11) After The Clot
2-3 days following: - Contractile proteins in platelets pull tissue together - Size of wound decreased
Days-Weeks following: - Plasmin released from platelets - Plasmin = proteolytic enzyme - Clot breaks apart and is metabolized/lost

22. Initial Injury
Clotting Cascade Begins
Prothrombin changed to
Thrombin by Prothrombin
activator
Thrombin binds with Fibrinogen to form Fibrin…
Finally the mesh-like net is formed to catch blood cells

24. Thromboplastin….

25. Prothrombin….

26. Thrombin….

27. Fibrinogen….

28. Fibrin….

30. (12) Thrombus vs. Embolus Thrombus  Clot in wall of blood vessel
Embolus  Free Floating Thrombus
Causes:
Rough blood vessel tissue from burns, ruptures, fat.
Slow blood flow (low levels of activity)
Aspirin: Common over the counter anticoagulant.

33. (Hemostatic Disorder)
(13) Thrombocytopenia
(Hemostatic Disorder)
Low platelet count & Slow Clotting Rate
Typical of bone marrow cancer and/or radiation patients.
Caused by damaged liver  Cannot make clotting factors.

35. (Hemostatic Disorder)
(14) Hemophilia
(Hemostatic Disorder)
Low Clotting Factor Count & Slow Clotting Rate
Either missing Clotting Factor #8 or #9