1. Topic 5 - Energy Notes Energy is the ability to do work.
Electromagnetic Energy – energy from the sun radiated in transverse waves
Given off by all matter – (unless it is at absolute zero -273K). Radiated in the form of waves.

2. Wavelength (λ) – determines the type (and name) of the energy. (Ex
Wavelength (λ) – determines the type (and name) of the energy. (Ex. Visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, etc.)
Electromagnetic Spectrum – the total range of all types (wavelengths) of energy from shortest to longest. (ESRT pg. 14)

6. A CLOSED SYSTEM
HEAT always FLOWS from the hot thing (the heat source) to the cold thing (the heat sink)
In a closed system the amount of heat lost by the heat source equals the amount of heat gained by the heat sink.
Law of Conservation of energy.
In reality there are ALWAYS “leaks” of heat to the surroundings, so a closed system doesn’t really exist!
**When source and sink reach EQUAL temperatures, heat flow stops, and both are at DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM (temperature stays the same).

7. Kinetic and Potential Energy
Kinetic – energy of motion
Potential – stored energy of position
*one type can change into the other
*Note: some of the kinetic energy is transformed into HEAT due to friction at the interfaces (boundaries)

10. Conductors are materials that energy can easily pass through
Insulators are materials that energy cannot easily pass through

11. Why is it dangerous to be near a metal rod in a lightning storm?

13. Convection Current in this room

15. What are some radiators of heat in our classroom?
There are at least four major ones

17. * More absorption occurs on a DARK, ROUGH surface.

19. We see that of the 100% of incoming solar radiation (insolation):

20. Albedo Effect

22. Earth absorbs short wave, visible light from the sun, then re-radiates (gives back off this energy as:
L Long wave radiation
I Infrared radiation
G Ground radiation
H Heat
T Terrestrial radiation

26. Glass
Short wave isolation
Long wave radiation