1. ATOMS AND MOLECULES

2. All matter, as we know it, is composed of atoms.
1. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that still maintains the chemical properties of that element.
2. They are composed of:
 Protons (p+) found in the nucleus
Neutrons (n0) found in the nucleus
Electrons (e-) found in orbitals around the nucleus

3. Atomic Structure...

4. 3. Atoms obey the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT).
See pp. 66 and 443
4. Atoms make up molecules which are 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together.
Eg. H2O, CH3CH2OH

5. 2. There are three (3) different types of molecules:
Diatomics
Made of one type of atom chemically bonded together in pairs
The gang of NOF 7!!
Eg. N2 O2 F2
Cl2
Br2
I2 H2

6. 2. Polyatomics
Made of many types of atoms bonded in groups of 2 or more that carry 1 overall charge.
eg. H3PO4 NO3 CrO CN

7. 3. Compounds
A pure Substance made of 2 or more types of atoms. They are bonded together in simple whole number ratios. (Contain only 1 type of molecule).
eg.: H2O CO2 NaCl HNO3 C6H12O6

8. Compounds obey the Law of Definite Composition…
“Molecules of the same compound always have the same number and types of atoms bonded in exactly the same way.”
(Every molecule of a compound is exactly the same.)

9. Why do compounds form?? Why do atoms bond with other atoms??
To Become stable like a Noble Gas!!
All elements that bond obey the OCTET RULE…
“Atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons” ( usually 8!)

10. TYPES OF ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Compounds are of two types:
Ionic Compounds
Covalent Compounds

11. Reactivity and Electron Configuration

12. The type of compound is determined by the kinds of elements that are chemically bonded to form the compound.
Ionic – Metal Nonmetal
Covalent – Nonmetal + Nonmetal

13. The Periodic Table allows us to predict an element‘s properties based upon its position on the table.
Metals
Left and central part of the table up to the “line”.
Non-Metals
Right side of the periodic table (right of the “line”).
Noble (Inert) Gases
Far right side (Family 18) and don’t react with other elements.

14. The Elements Organized!

15. MOST METALLIC Increasing Metallic character LEAST METALLIC

16. 4. Properties of metals versus non-metals:
- Have a metallic shine/ luster
- Usually have a dull appearance/ lack luster
- Usually solid at room temperature
- Usually gases at room temperature
- Are malleable (don’t shatter)
- Are brittle solids (i.e. are not malleable)
- Are ductile (can be formed into sheets or wires)
- Are not ductile
- Are good conductors of electricity
Do not conduct electricity

17. 1)Do Hebden Pg. 66 Self-Test (every 2nd one) 2) Hebden Pg
1)Do Hebden Pg.66 Self-Test (every 2nd one) 2) Hebden Pg.68 exercise #1 3) Read over pg , and do # 31-39