1. Understanding by Design
Prof. Miguel A. Arce Ramos
ELED 208
Methodology of Elementary English Education

2. What is UbD?
UbD is a way of thinking purposefully about curricular planning and school reform.
It offers a 3-stage design process, a set of helpful design tools, and design standards -- not a rigid program or prescriptive recipe.
The primary goal of UbD is student understanding: the ability to make meaning of “big ideas” and transfer their learning.

3. What is backward Design
Planning is best done ”backward” from the desired results and the transfer tasks that embody the goals.
The 3 Stages (Desired Results, Evidence, Learning Plan) must align for the unit to be most effective.
“Transfer” refers to the ultimate desired accomplishment: what, in the end, should students be able to do with all this ‘content’, on their own, if this and other related units are successful?

4. UbD Stage 1: Identify desired results
Stage 2: Determine acceptable evidence
Stage 3: Plan learning experiences
& instruction

5. What is backward design?
We’re used to jumping to lesson and activity ideas - before clarifying our performance goals for students
By thinking through the assessments upfront, we ensure greater alignment of our goals and means, and that teaching is focused on desired results.

6. There are three big ideas per stage:
2. What’s the evidence?
1. What are the big ideas?
3. How will you get there?
There are three big ideas per stage:

7. What is behind each stage?
Understandings
Questions
Content Standards
Knowledge and skill

8. What is behind each stage?
Rubrics
Other Evidence
Task
Stage 2:

9. What is behind each stage?
Learning Plan

10. Order
There are many ‘doorways’ into successful design – you can start with...
Content standards
Performance goals
A key resource or activity
A required assessment
A big idea, often misunderstood
An important skill or process
An existing unit or lesson to edit

11. Stage 1: Identify desired results

12. Identify desired results
What do I want my students to understand?
What should students know, understand and be able to do?
What are our overall objectives of the unit?
What will the student recall and remember about the unit?

13. Identify desired results
Key: Focus on Big ideas
Enduring Understandings: What specific insights about big ideas do we want students to leave with?
What essential questions will frame the teaching and learning, pointing toward key issues and ideas, and suggest meaningful and provocative inquiry into content?
What content standards are addressed explicitly by the unit?

14. Identify desired results
Organize content around key concepts
Show how the big ideas offer a purpose and rationale for the student
You will need to “unpack” Content standards in many cases to make the implied big ideas clear

15. Essential Questions are arguable - and important to argue about?
are at the heart of the subject?
recur - and should recur - in professional work, adult life, as well as in classroom inquiry?
raise more questions – provoking and sustaining engaged inquiry?
often raise important conceptual or philosophical issues?
can provide organizing purpose for meaningful & connected learning?

16. Stage 2: Determine acceptable evidence

17. Determine acceptable evidence
How will we know if students have achieved the desired results?
What are key complex performance tasks indicative of understanding?
What other evidence will be collected to build the case for understanding, knowledge, and skill?
What rubrics will be used to assess complex performance?

18. Determine acceptable evidence
It can only be inferred if we see evidence that the student knows why (it works) so what? (why it matters), how (to apply it) – not just knowing that specific inference.
The assessments should be:
Be grounded in real-world applications, supplemented as needed by more traditional school evidence
Provide useful feedback to the learner, be transparent, and minimize secrecy
Be valid, reliable - aligned with the desired results of Stage 1 (and fair)

19. How can we determine if a student knows?
The student must pass through the following 6 facets:
Explain
Interpret
Apply
Shift Perspective
see it as its author/speaker saw it
Self-asses

20. Stage 3: Plan learning experiences & instruction

21. Plan learning experiences & instruction
Finally, after you have decided what results you want and how you will know you’ve achieved them, then you start planning how you’re going to teach. 
You can now move to designing your instructional strategies and students’ learning activities. 
What are the best exercises, problems or questions for developing your students’ ability to meet your learning goals? 

22. Plan learning experiences & instruction
How can they practice using new knowledge to gain the skills you want them to learn? 
How can they apply their learning? 
Devise active and collaborative exercises that encourage students to grapple with new concepts in order to “own” them. 
You want to foster increasing understanding, not rote memorization.