1. Section 3 Overview Alexander the Great
This section discusses Alexander the Great, his wide-reaching empire, and how his conquest spread Hellenism throughout southwest Asia.

2. Locating Places Meeting People Alexander the Great
Macedonia (MA·suh·DOH·nee·uh) 
Chaeronea (KEHR·uh·NEE·uh) 
Syria (SIHR·ee·uh) 
Alexandria (A·lihg·ZAN·dree·uh) 
Meeting People
Philip II 
Alexander the Great

3. Building Your Vocabulary
Alexander the Great
Building Your Vocabulary
legacy (LEH·guh·see) 
Hellenistic Era (HEH·luh·NIHS·tihk) 

4. Macedonia Attacks Greece
Alexander the Great
Macedonia Attacks Greece
Macedonia was a powerful kingdom that lay north of Greece. 
Philip II needed to unite Greece with Macedonia to defeat the Persian Empire. 
After training a vast army, Philip began taking over the Greek city-states.

5. Macedonia Attacks Greece
Alexander the Great
Macedonia Attacks Greece
A lawyer named Demosthenes tried to warn the Athenians about Philip, but it was too late. 
The Macedonians defeated the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea. 
After this battle, Philip controlled all of Greece.

6. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia after his father, Philip, died. 
Alexander began his conquest of the Persian Empire in 334 B.C. with the Battle of Granicus. 
Alexander’s forces destroyed the Persian forces. 
A year later, Alexander defeated the Persian army at Issus and freed the Greek cities in Asia Minor.

7. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
He then captured Syria and Egypt. 
Alexander built the city of Alexandria as the center of business. 
It became one of the most important cities in the ancient world. 
Alexander continued his conquest of the Persian Empire by fighting in modern Pakistan, India, and Iran.

8. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
In 323 B.C., Alexander planned to invade southern Arabia, but he became ill and died. 
A legacy is what a person leaves behind when he or she dies. 
Alexander’s legacy is his skill and daring. 
Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Era.

9. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
The lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. A fire in its tall tower guided ships into harbor.

10. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
This was a time when Greek language and ideas spread to non Greek areas of southwest Asia. 
After Alexander’s death, his generals fought for power, and Alexander’s empire ended. 
Four kingdoms emerged in its place. 
Government business in the four kingdoms was conducted in the Greek language.

11. Alexander Builds an Empire
Alexander the Great
Alexander Builds an Empire
People who did not speak Greek could not hold government jobs. 
This helped the Greeks maintain control. 
New cities were created in the Hellenistic Era, and these cities needed architects, engineers, and philosophers. 
The rulers of the four kingdoms sent Greek colonists to southwest Asia to help build the cities. In this way, Greek culture spread.